Smart tunable electromagnetic materials can regulate and control their electromagnetic parameters by applying an external field, thus realizing the goal of smartly and actively controlling their electromagnetic properties such as response frequency, resonance range, phase, and polarization. In this paper, smart tunable electromagnetic materials are classified into conductive polymer-based tunable materials, electronic component-based tunable metamaterials, liquid crystal-based tunable materials, graphene-based tunable materials according to different tunable substrates. The relevant research progress of smart tunable electromagnetic materials is reviewed, and their application directions are summarized.
The rapid development of infrared detection technology requires that military targets have mid-infrared stealth performance. In this paper, a mid-infrared low-emissivity film based on one-dimensional photonic crystal structure was designed and prepared. The results showed that its reflectivity properties are improved and total thickness is reduced by optimizing the construction parameters. The thickness and refractive index of the prepared Ge film and ZnSe film were tested using IR ellipsometer. After the test results were brought into the designed structure, mid-infrared low-emissivity films with emissivity of 0.032, 0.068, 0.146, 0.203 and 0.366 were prepared by vacuum evaporation. The infrared reflectivity of the mid-infrared low-emissivity films was tested using Fourier spectrometer, and the test results are in good agreement with calculated results.
Ferrite nanofibers with magnetic properties are a type of functional nanomaterials developed in recent years. Compared with common bulk materials, magnetic nanofibers are of great interest in research due to their characteristics including lightweight, large specific surface area, unique magnetism and magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In this study, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as carrier, and magnetic α-Fe2O3/C nanofibers was prepared by electrospinning method, hydrothermal synthesis and high-temperature calcination. Then, the chemical structure, micromorphology, thermal properties, crystallization products and dye adsorption properties of the magnetic composite nanofibers were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, DSC, XRD and UV-Vis. The results show that: α-Fe2O3 is well coated on the surface of PVA-based fiber carrier, and magnetic α-Fe2O3/C nanofibers have three-dimensional (3D) tubular structures. Nanofibers have a single phase structure, and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the the fiber surface are well crystallized and close-packed. Magnetic α-Fe2O3/C nanofibers can achieve the fast adsorption of methylene blue, and the dye removal rate can reach 78.3% at the time of 150 min.
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