The resources of active and reactive power for which can be obtained using an AC voltage controller with a phase-angle control for regulation of operating modes of the ohmic load of consumers, for example, distributed systems of electric space heating or electric water heating, etc. A method is proposed and the results of the analysis of the phase-angle control modes by gate turn off (GTO) thyristors of the AC voltage regulator, which provides the generation of virtual reactive power by consumers of active power, are presented. The process equipment of such a virtual power plant is fully suitable both for the dynamic production of a virtual resource of active power to balance, for example, the power of dynamic distributed renewable energy sources (virtual power plant (VPP) mode), and to regulate reactive power to ensure adequate voltage levels and increase stock stability of operation of electric load units (virtual reactive power plant (VRPP) mode). References 24, figures 8.
It is proposed to include the principle of distributed generation of reactive power in the basic principles of constructing smart microgrids for non-commercial facilities. Individual reactive power compensation devices should be installed for its implementation at the points of final distribution of electricity networks of buildings and structures. As a result, in addition to the effect of reducing the losses of electricity in distribution networks from the flow of reactive component currents, it is possible to create virtual sources of reactive power as an auxiliary resource at the disposal of the distribution system operator for solving the problem of providing a balance of reactive power in normal and post-accidental transient operational modes for reliable and high-quality power supply. The article substantiates the expediency and expected effect of reactive power compensation in the electric grids of civil engineering facilities.
Using the developed models in the “Simulink” visual programming environment of the “Matlab” application package using the “SimPowerSystem” and “Simscape Electrical” libraries, a comparative analysis of methods and techniques for limiting switching overvoltages in power converters, which are controlled by unlocking two-operation thyristors, was performed. The choice of a specific means of limitation is individual for each converter and depends on many factors - the power of the converter, the current-voltage characteristics of thyristors, the parameters of the power supply, and so on. Studies have shown that the most effective protection against voltage pulses with short duration and significant amplitude is the use of “Transient Voltage Suppressors” limiting diodes, the action of which is based on the use of avalanche breakdown during the time of thyristor unlocking.
The tasks of dynamic compensation of reactive power are solved by means of flexible AC transmission systems using power electronics devices. The object of this study is a variable voltage regulator with a capacitive load. This paper considered the problem of the efficiency of phase voltage regulation on the capacitor battery to use it as a source to compensate for reactive power. The results of the study are presented, which justify the effectiveness of the technique for obtaining a dynamic source of reactive power based on the use of a thyristor voltage regulator with a capacitive load. A comparative study of two regimes of the regulator was carried out: the phase-controlled mode of closing fully controlled semiconductor gates and the phase-controlled mode for opening single-core semiconductor gates. Analytical expressions for angular characteristics of power according to the main harmonics are derived. It is shown that under the first mode the current through the capacitor is capacitive, which makes it possible to obtain a thyristor-adjustable capacitor battery for dynamic compensation of reactive power in power supply systems. It was found that under the second mode, simultaneously with the regulation of reactive power, there is a phenomenon of consumption from the active power supply network according to the main harmonics. This means that the regulation of current through an ideal capacity using ideal phase-controlled semiconductor gates is accompanied by the consumption of the active component of the current from the power supply network. The resulting component of active power in the electrical circuit without active resistances is proposed to be called "active artificial shear power". The results have been confirmed by studies on virtual models
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