Masa usia dini merupakan periode kritis dalam rentang kehidupan manusia. Untuk itu, optimalisasi perkembangan pada usia dini perlu mencakup semua aspek, termasuk aspek emosi. Pada masa prasekolah, perkembangan emosi anak berkembang pesat, yaitu dalam pengetahuan emosi, ekspresi emosi, dan regulasi emosi. Orangtua, terutama ibu, berperan penting dalam perkembangan emosi anak, antara lain melalui emotion coaching. Mengacu pada teori meta emosi, emotion coaching meliputi kesadaran orangtua akan emosi diri dan emosi anak. Orangtua yang menerapkan emotion coaching mempersepsikan emosi negatif anak sebagai hal yang penting, peka terhadap kondisi emosi anak, menghargai emosi anak, dan menggunakan situasi emosional secara konstruktif. Dalam proses interaksi orangtua dan anak, reaksi orangtua tidak terlepas dari pengaruh nilai kultural. Namun demikian, riset tentang emotion coaching oleh orangtua dalam konteks Indonesia masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran emotion coaching pada ibu di Surabaya yang memiliki anak usia prasekolah. Subjek penelitian adalah 147 ibu yang memiliki anak usia 3-6 tahun dan bersekolah di Taman Bermain atau Taman Kanak-Kanak. Hasil penelitian adalah mayoritas ibu (92%) menunjukkan emotion coaching pada tingkat rendah. Pembahasan hasil dikaitkan dengan kerangka kultural. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut, antara lain mengeksplorasi nilai-nilai kultur khas masing-masing etnis yang berkontribusi pada emotion coaching, mengembangkan model teoritis ataupun intervensi terhadap emotion coaching yang sesuai dengan konteks kultur di Indonesia.
The concept of emotional competence refers to individual differences in emotional expression and experience, understanding, and regulation. Previous studies reported the significant roles of emotional competence in children's development of social and school competence. One of the antecedent factors of emotional competence development in early childhood is parental socialization of emotion. The possible mechanisms of parental socialization of emotion can be classified in three categories, namely modeling, contingency, and coaching. Furthermore, emotion socialization by parents cannot be separated from the cultural context. Cultural values do not only affect the way individual recognizes his or her own emotion and the emotion of others, but also determine how individual expresses emotion and regulates emotion in socially acceptable ways. This paper is a literature review of some research findings of emotional socialization and theoretical approaches of cultural values roles on emotion competence. It aims to explore the roles of parental emotion socialization and culture values, which can be used as a basis to further research in creating culturebased interventions to optimize the development of early childhood emotional competence in Indonesia.
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