Adipsin is a protease produced at high levels by adipose tissue. It is involved in complement activation and metabolic control. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in adipsin levels during different stages of normal pregnancy, and its association with obstetric outcomes, such as preeclampsia. This nested case-control study in a longitudinal cohort included normal pregnant (n = 54) and preeclamptic (n = 18) women, both followed throughout pregnancy. Additionally, some of the normal pregnant women were followed up three months postpartum (n = 18). Healthy non-pregnant women were also studied during their menstrual cycle (n = 20). The results of this study show that in healthy non-pregnant women, adipsin levels did not change significantly during the menstrual cycle. In normal pregnant women, adipsin levels were lower (p < 0.01) when compared with non-pregnant healthy women, but these serum levels increased again during postpartum (p < 0.001). Adipsin levels were significantly elevated in preeclamptic women in late pregnancy (P < 0.01). A significant correlation was not found between leptin and adipsin during the three periods of gestation studied in healthy pregnant and preeclamptic women. Our results suggest that adipsin may be involved in pregnancy-associated metabolic changes. Moreover, the increase of adipsin levels towards late gestation in preeclamptic women could be related to the pathophysiology of this disease.

Galanin (GAL) is a neuropeptide involved in the homeostasis of energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum levels of GAL during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in lean and obese young men. This cross-sectional study included 30 obese non-diabetic young men (median 22 years; mean BMI 37 kg/m2) and 30 healthy lean men (median 23 years; mean BMI 22 kg/m2). Serum GAL was determined during OGTT. The results of this study include that serum GAL levels showed a reduction during OGTT compared with basal levels in the lean subjects group. Conversely, serum GAL levels increased significantly during OGTT in obese subjects. Serum GAL levels were also higher in obese non-diabetic men compared with lean subjects during fasting and in every period of the OGTT (p < 0.001). Serum GAL levels were positively correlated with BMI, total fat, visceral fat, HOMA–IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides and Leptin. A multiple regression analysis revealed that serum insulin levels at 30, 60 and 120 minutes during the OGTT is the most predictive variable for serum GAL levels (p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum GAL levels are significantly higher in the obese group compared with lean subjects during an OGTT.

BackgroundWorldwide there is a high prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency and has been associated with adverse outcomes during pregnancy.ObjectiveThis is a nested, case–control study in a longitudinal cohort to compare the serum 25OHD levels and other biomarkers throughout pregnancy in a group of 20 preeclamptic women and 61 healthy pregnant women. An additional group of 29 healthy non-pregnant women were also studied during the two phases of the menstrual cycle.ResultsMean 25OHD levels in non-pregnant women were 31.9 ng/mL and 34.9 ng/mL during follicular and luteal phase, respectively (P < 0.01). Mean serum 25OHD levels in healthy pregnant women were 26.5, 30.1 and 31.9 ng/mL, at first, second and third trimester, respectively (P < 0.001). The first trimester levels of 25OHD were lower than those of healthy non-pregnant women (P < 0.001), showing a significant recovery at third trimester. In the group of healthy pregnant women, the 25OHD levels were 25.7 ng/mL and 27.2 ng/mL at 3 and 6 months postpartum, respectively; both values were lower than those observed in the non-pregnant women (P < 0.001). In preeclamptic women, 25OHD serum levels were similar to those of healthy pregnant women; nevertheless, they remained almost unchanged throughout pregnancy.ConclusionThere were no significant differences between healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women in terms of 25OHD levels throughout the pregnancy. Serum 25OHD levels in non-pregnant women were higher during luteal phase compared with follicular phase. The 25OHD levels of non-pregnant women tended to be higher than those of pregnant women.

<p>Esta revisión de los inhibidores de dipeptidil dipeptidasa-4 busca motivar el uso racional de este grupo farmacológico en la práctica diaria; estos son una nueva opción terapéutica en monoterapia o terapia combinada para el tratamiento de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En Colombia, se encuentran disponibles: sitagliptina, vildagliptina, saxagliptina y linagliptina. Si bien todas las gliptinas tienen el mismo mecanismo de acción, aumentando la vida media del péptido similar al glucagón, esta revisión presenta las diferencias entre sus propiedades farmacológicas, eventos adversos y perfil de seguridad. Estos medicamentos son segunda o tercera línea para el tratamiento oral de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 o, primera línea, en los pacientes intolerantes a metformina. Además, tienen algunas ventajas como menor riesgo de hipoglucemia, son seguros en adultos mayores, disminuyen la variabilidad de la glucemia; se pueden utilizar en la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada, con o sin terapia de reemplazo renal y la insuficiencia hepática.</p><p><strong>Palabras claves</strong></p><p>Inhibidores de dipeptidil dipeptidasa IV, sitagliptina, vildagliptina, saxagliptina, linagliptina, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2.</p>

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Introducción: Los niveles no suficientes de vitamina D (VD) se han asociado a varias patologías no osteomusculares, sin embargo, es motivo de controversia si estos se asocian a mayor prevalencia de síndrome metabólico (SM). Objetivo: Determinar y comparar la frecuencia de insuficiencia y deficiencia de 25-Hidroxivitamina D (25(OH)D) entre hombres jóvenes obesos no diabéticos y controles con peso normal, y su correlación con el estado de síndrome metabólico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, que incluyó 62 individuos con peso normal y 47 en obesidad, se determinaron los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D. y se midieron parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos para establecer criterios de SM. Resultados: De los 47 sujetos con obesidad, 25 tenían SM, mientas que ninguno de los sujetos de peso normal cumplía con dichos criterios, No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la presencia de síndrome en correlación con los niveles de vitamina D (p=0,94).. La media de los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D para la población total fue de 30,64 ng/mL; en sujetos normopeso 30,8 ng/mL y entre los obesos fue de 30,1 ng/mL con SM y 30,6 ng/mL. Por otro lado no hubo una correlación significativa entre los parámetros individuales de síndrome metabólico y los niveles séricos de VD tanto de manera global como en el análisis por subgrupos. Conclusión: No hubo una correlación significativa entre los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D con el estado de SM, tampoco se identificó ningún tipo de correlación significativa entre estos y los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos estudiados.