There is empirical evidence that people phub more frequently those who are closely related to them than those less close to them and that phubbing is not only transforming the norms of human communication but also this behavior has detrimental impacts on people. This review of the literature was undertaken to understand the impacts of phubbing on people, how people perceive phubbing, what are the reasons behind people's phubbing and what predicts this behavior. The review of the literature has revealed that phubbing heightened feelings of jealousy between romantic partners, weakened the bond between them, lowered their relationship satisfaction and increased their rates of depression. Phubbing was perceived as rude, offensive, and a violation of social norms. It undermined perceptions of empathetic concern, closeness, interpersonal trust, and conversation quality. The review of literature has also revealed that technological addictions, such as, smartphone addiction, SMS addiction and social media addiction, boredom, fear of missing out, and lack of self‐control all predicted phubbing behavior but that reciprocity, the tendency to engage in more than one task at the same time (multitasking) and fulfillment of an immediate need or gratification may explain why people engage with their smartphone during face‐to‐face conversation with others.
There is a radical transformation taking place in Saudi Arabia. The Saudis are poised on the edge of a significant new social landscape. Called the Internet, this new frontier includes not only the creation of new forms of private communication, like electronic mail and chat, but also online public discussion areas, which for the first time enable communication between males and females in this gender-segregated society. This paper has been written as a result of a study conducted in Saudi Arabia during 2001 -2002. The purpose of the study was to understand how online communities in Saudi Arabia are affecting offline communities. The results of the study indicate that participants, in addition to gaining self-confidence, became open-minded in their thinking, more aware of the personal characteristics of individuals within their society and less inhibited about the opposite gender. On the negative side, participants neglected their family commitments, became less shy and some became confused about some aspects of their culture and religion. After a brief introduction about the Internet in Saudi Arabia and its culture, the paper examines online communities in the literature. It then discusses the conceptual and methodological aspects of the study. This includes how data were collected and analysed. A discussion of the results of the study follows. Next, an examination of the findings in relation to the literature is provided. Finally, the conclusions drawn from this study are presented.
Many aspects make online media attractive to news readers, including low cost, ease and speed of access, and the opportunity for readers to ask questions, provide feedback, participate in discussions, and interact with other readers in ways not previously possible. Given that traditional media in the Arab world generally are subject to strict government control, the participatory features that accompany the new online media should make these sources even more attractive to users. However, comments posted by readers of online media in the Arab world are still subject to some monitoring and content regulation. This study explores the potential of online media in the Arab world to foster civic engagement. The online source selected for study is www.alarabiya.net, the official website for the popular TV station Al Arabiya in Dubai. Ethnographic observation and analysis of the content of articles published during the Iraq War on Al Arabiya's site and the responses they received show that Arabs not only challenged the views of the Al Arabiya site about the war, but they also offered their own versions of the truth.
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