Nowadays, environmental pollution is a serious problem in the world. Thermal power plants are used in many countries to meet the energy needs of growing cities. A lot of quantity of Fly Ash is produced while this energy is generated. Using such waste materials in construction offers significant advantages over current admixtures because they are typically less costly and provides environmental protection. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have been exploring new solutions for the use of such waste materials. In this study, the effect of 2% lime and different percentages of Orhaneli fly ash added to a clay soil taken from Bursa Uludağ University campus has been investigated. By using the sieve and hydrometer analysis and Atterberg Limit tests, the soil classification has been made. The optimum water content and maximum dry density of the mixtures were determined by the normal compaction test. In order to assess the strength of the mixtures, unconfined compression tests were carried out after various curing times (3 days, 7 days and 28 days). As a result of the experiments, it was found that adding lime and fly ash into the clay soil by different percentages increases the strength of the high plasticity clay in varying ratios.
The influence of deep excavation on adjacent pile behaviour is an important issue to ensure its serviceability and stability. In this paper, the effect of deep excavation on an adjacent loaded single pile in saturated cohesionless soil was investigated by 3D finite element method. After verification of finite element model using centrifuge test results found in literature, a parametric study was conducted by varying the most influence factors on the pile behaviour such as excavation depth, distance from the pile to the excavation and pile head type. It was concluded that the excavation depth (He) with respect to pile length (Lp) has a significant effect on pile response. Among the three cases of He/Lp, the case of He/Lp= 0.5 induced the maximum bending moment while the case of He/Lp= 1.5 induced the maximum pile lateral deflection. Moreover, the distance from the pile to the excavation site has also a significant influence on pile response and the induced bending moment in pile is inconsiderable after 9 m distance. Also, it is observed that the pile head type has an important effect on the pile behaviour especially in case of rigid head case.
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