Settlement behaviour of a concrete faced rock-fill dam (CFRD), Kurtun dam, located in the East Black Sea Region, Turkey, is investigated. This is the first instrumented CRDF in the Country. Two dimensional plane strain finite element analyses were carried out to assess the total stresses and displacements in the dam both for construction and reservoir filling stages by using computer program PLAXIS. Predicted stresses and settlements are compared with those observed and overall the results are found to be in good agreement for the construction stage. Due to the relatively steep abutment slopes, cross-valley arching has a significant effect on stresses and displacements in the dam body. For the reservoir filling condition, it is seen that, predicted settlements are larger than the observed values, which indicates that during reservoir filling the rock-fill embankment responds more stiffly than it does during the construction stage. The hardening soil model is used to represent the nonlinear, inelastic and stress dependent behaviour of rock-fill material. The model parameters are selected from the appropriate values in the literature investigating comparable cases.
a b s t r a c tA comprehensive model, previously developed for a rectangular parallelepiped shaped 0.3 MW t circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) fired with high calorific value coal burning in sand and validated against experimental data is adapted to cylindrical configuration and is extended to incorporate NO x formation and reduction reactions and pressure drops around cyclone, downcomer and loop seal. Its predictive accuracy is tested by applying it to the simulation of Middle East Technical University (METU) 150 kW t CFBC burning low calorific value indigenous lignite with high Volatile Matter/Fixed Carbon (VM/FC) ratio in its own ash and comparing its predictions with measurements. Favorable comparisons are obtained between the predicted and measured temperatures and pressure profiles and emissions of gaseous species. Results reveal that predictive accuracy in pressure profile strongly depends on the correlation utilized for entrainment in dilute zone and that accuracy in NO emission requires data on partitioning of coal nitrogen into char-N and volatile-N and is affected significantly by dilute zone oxygen content.
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