BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is still the primary infectious disease in the world due to HIV/AIDS. In the 2015-2019 strategic plan of the Ministry of Health, infectious diseases are one of the main priorities that must create a Healthy Indonesia. The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Indonesia is 539,000 new cases each year, with the number of deaths around 101,000 per year. Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) (+) incidence rate is around 110/ 100,000 population. AIM: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors and efforts to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method was carried out by tracing the research reports/articles related to pulmonary tuberculosis incidence as many as 38 selected articles. RESULT: Factors that influence tuberculosis infection incidence include age, income level (socioeconomic), housing conditions, the behavior of opening windows every morning, smoking, and a history of contact with tuberculosis patients. There are various countermeasures undertaken to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis, one of which uses a tissue model. This model involves many stakeholders whose duty is to provide knowledge and record the number of sufferers. The stages of action to control tuberculosis include discovery, treatment, and surveillance. CONCLUSION: Facts in the field show that several factors can affect the success of implementing pulmonary tuberculosis control. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in all society components and involve other agencies beyond the health agency so the reduction in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis can be appropriately realized.
Workers from specific occupational settings may be exposed to high fungal bioaerosol concentrations, causing detrimental health effects. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the characteristics and health effects of fungal bioaerosols present on agricultural farms. By using IOM inhalable dust samplers, personal and area samples of airborne fungi were collected from five agricultural farms-two mushroom and three vegetable farms. A standardized questionnaire and spirometry were used to evaluate workers' health. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to examine the distributions of fungal and environmental factors among the different farms, and regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of personal bioaerosol exposure on workers' health. In the personal samples, the geometric mean concentrations ranged from 4.3 × 10 3 to 3.0 × 10 4 CFU m -3 for total culturable fungi and from 4.2 × 10 3 to 1.2 × 10 5 spores m -3 for total fungal spores. The total fungal spore concentrations differed significantly among the personal samples (p = 0.026), but not among the area samples, from the five farms. The culturable fungal concentrations among the five farms did not differ significantly in the personal or area samples. Decreased lung functions of the workers were significantly associated with the concentrations of total fungi and several fungal taxa such as Ascospores, Fusarium, and Periconia. This study demonstrated that exposure to high fungal bioaerosol concentrations reduced the lung functions of the mushroom and vegetable farm workers. Superior ventilation and appropriate personal protection equipment are required to reduce occupational biohazards.
The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of exposure to indoor particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), CO2, RH, and temperature and to evaluate public health complaints due to volcanic ash after the eruption of Mount Sinabung. A correlation analytic was assessed with a cross sectional approach at Payung, Gurukinayan and Perbesi villages from April to July 2021. The level of particles (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), CO2, temperature and humidity were measured by the AS-LUNG type 0019 instrument, Academia Sinica, Taiwan. Respondents' health complaints were evaluated by interviewing respondents using questionnaires. The Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences levels of particles in the area zone. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to evaluate the effect between the concentrations of particulate matter exposure on respondents’ health complaints. The results showed that the mean concentration of exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10 in Perbesi and Gurukinayan villages was above maximum level required by Indonesia indoor air quality guideline No. 1077 while CO2 was still below the maximum level required. According bivariate test, there was a significant difference in particle concentration between three villages (p-value = 0.00) and in particle concentration between area zone (p-value = 0.00). The MANCOVA test showed that exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, RH, and temperature has an effect on eye complaints (p-value <0.05), exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and RH (p-value <0.05) has an effect on respiratory complaints, and exposure to PM10 (p-value <0.05) has an effect on skin diseases.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana Pengetahuan Siaga Bencana, dan bagaimana hubungan antara Minat Baca serta Pelatihan dengan Pengetahuan Siaga Bencana Petugas Non Medis RSU Haji Medan. Pengetahuan Siaga Bencana pada penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan indikator Taksonomi Bloom dari C1 sampai dengan C4, yaitu mengingat, memahami, menerapkan, dan menganalisis informasi karena dalam situasi bencana mencekam, agak susah menuntut seseorang untuk bisa mengevaluasi (C5) apalagi sampai menciptakan ide-ide baru (C6). Indikator Taksonomi Bloom C5 dan C6 hanya dapat diwujudkan dalam situasi tenang dan kondusif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif korelasional dengan pendekatan survei. Populasi penelitian adalah Petugas Non Medis sejumlah 63 orang. Sampel penelitian ini adalah Petugas Non Medis yang besar sampel minimalnya sebanyak 51 orang. Penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik Stratified Proportional Random Sampling, karena jenis pekerjaan sampel berbeda. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang sudah diuji coba validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik, sama-sama dengan batas kemaknaan ?= 0,05. Tingkat Pengetahuan Siaga Bencana Petugas Non Medis di RSU Haji Medan yang tinggi cukup banyak (80,4%). Sebagian besar (72,5%) responden sudah pernah mengikuti pelatihan. Responden yang mempunyai minat baca tentang kebencanaan lebih banyak (86,3%) dibandingkan yang tidak berminat. Hasil analisis bivariat dan multivariat menunjukkan, baik keikutsertaan dalam Pelatihan (p=0,000 dan p=0,023) maupun Minat Baca (p=0,001 dan p=0,028) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan Pengetahuan Siaga Bencana.
Washing hands with soap (CTPS) is one of the clean and healthy lifestyle behaviors that is currently becoming the world's attention given the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus that occurred at the end of December 2019 and had a very fatal impact on all corners of the world because it caused many deaths. The purpose of this community outreach is to increase the knowledge of the community in Huta Tonga Tonga Lingkungan II about the correct behavior of washing hands with soap. This activity was carried out in Lingkungan II Huta Tonga Tonga, North Sibolga District by visiting as many as 30 houses on January 12, 2021 with the target being housewives. This activity is carried out by providing individual education and attaching stickers in front of people's homes. After providing education to the participants, then the practice of washing hands using soap with running water was carried out where participants also practiced hand washing with soap according to the directions. It is hoped that this activity can have an impact on the residents of the house and other people who read the stickers can be encouraged to apply hand washing with soap in daily life, especially during the current pandemic. Cuci tangan pakai sabun (CTPS) merupakan salah satu perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat yang saat ini menjadi perhatian dunia mengingat merebaknya virus covid-19 yang terjadi dari akhir Desember 2019 dan berdampak sangat fatal ke seluruh penjuru dunia karena menyebabkan banyak kematian. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat di Lingkungan II Huta Tonga Tonga tentang perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun yang benar. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Lingkungan II Huta Tonga Tonga, Kecamatan Sibolga Utara dengan mengunjungi sebanyak 30 rumah pada tanggal 12 Januari 2021 dengan sasaran adalah ibu rumah tangga. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan memberikan edukasi secara individu dan menempelkan stiker di depan rumah masyarakat. Setelah pemberian edukasi kepada peserta kemudian dilakukan kegiatan praktek cuci tangan menggunakan sabun dengan air mengalir dimana peserta juga melakukan praktek cuci tangan pakai sabun sesuai arahan. Diharapakan dengan kegiatan ini dapat berdampak kepada penghuni rumah maupun orang lain yang membaca stiker tersebut dapat terpacu untuk menerapkan cuci tangan pakai sabun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari terutama pada saat pandemi sekarang ini.
Erupsi gunung dapat menyebabkan distribusi penyebaran abu yang sangat besar sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kemungkinan tingginya konsentrasi partikel debu di pemukiman penduduk yang dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan masyarakat seperti keluhan pernapasan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengukur konsentrasi paparan partikel debu PM1 dan gas CO2 dalam ruangan serta mengevaluasi keluhan kesehatan pada masyarakat akibat abu vulkanik pasca letusan Gunung Sinabung. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Payung, Gurukinayan dan Perbesi pada bulan Maret ke Juli 2018. Pengukuran kadar partikel debu PM1 dan CO2 diukur dengan instrument AS-LUNG tipe 0019, Academia Sinica Taiwan. Keluhan kesehatan responden dievaluasi dengan mewawancarai responden menggunakan kuesioner. Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat perbedaan kadar partikel debu diantara ketiga desa tersebut. Mann Whitney U test digunakan untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat perbedaan kadar partikel debu pada jarak (zona) desa. Analisis multivariat kovarian (MANCOVA) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi apakah terdapat pengaruh antara konsentrasi paparan particulate matter terhadap keluhan kesehatan pada masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mean konsentrasi paparan PM1 yang tertinggi berada pada desa Perbesi sebesar 103µg/m3 lalu Gurukinayan sebesar 46µg/m3. Untuk paparan gas CO2, konsentrasi tertinggi terdapat pada desa Perbesi sebesar 483ppm dan Payung sebesar 428ppm. Hal ini berarti bahwa konsentrasi PM1 dan CO2 berada diatas standar WHO indoor air quality. Uji bivariate menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM1 dan CO2 di ketiga desa (p-value = 0.00) dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM1 dan CO2 pada zona desa dari gunung Sinabung (p-value = 0.00). Uji MANCOVA menunjukkan bahwa paparan PM1 berpengaruh pada keluhan kesehatan mata (p=0.000), keluhan kesehatan pernapasan (p=0.002), dan keluhan kesehatan kulit (p=0.020). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa letusan gunung Sinabung dapat membawa efek kesehatan yang buruk jika penduduk terus terpapar debu abu vulkanik baik dalam jangka waktu yang singkat maupun lama. Maka dari itu, penduduk diharapkan selalu melakukan pencegahan dengan menggunakan masker saat keluar rumah, membersihkan debu-debu dalam rumah dan evakuasi ke tempat yang jauh saat gunung mengalami erupsi.
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