BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is still the primary infectious disease in the world due to HIV/AIDS. In the 2015-2019 strategic plan of the Ministry of Health, infectious diseases are one of the main priorities that must create a Healthy Indonesia. The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Indonesia is 539,000 new cases each year, with the number of deaths around 101,000 per year. Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) (+) incidence rate is around 110/ 100,000 population. AIM: This study aimed to identify the influencing factors and efforts to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research method was carried out by tracing the research reports/articles related to pulmonary tuberculosis incidence as many as 38 selected articles. RESULT: Factors that influence tuberculosis infection incidence include age, income level (socioeconomic), housing conditions, the behavior of opening windows every morning, smoking, and a history of contact with tuberculosis patients. There are various countermeasures undertaken to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis, one of which uses a tissue model. This model involves many stakeholders whose duty is to provide knowledge and record the number of sufferers. The stages of action to control tuberculosis include discovery, treatment, and surveillance. CONCLUSION: Facts in the field show that several factors can affect the success of implementing pulmonary tuberculosis control. Therefore, it is necessary to participate in all society components and involve other agencies beyond the health agency so the reduction in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis can be appropriately realized.
This study aimed to analyze water quality and control water pollution in the Pucang River in Sidoarjo Regency. The method was used to identify water quality of the 11 parameters and compared them the Government Regulation number 22 of 2021 about water quality standards in Indonesia. Secondary data from 2018 to 2020 were used in this study. Determination of water quality status using the pollution indices method attached in Decree of the State Minister of the Environment number 115 of 2003.Analysis of water pollution control strategies using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats approach. The condition of the water quality of the Pucang River in 2018-2020, based on the water pollution parameter test, experienced a decrease in the rate indicated by the presence of parameters that exceeded the quality standard. Determination of the quality status of water quality in 2018-2020, there was an increase in water quality marked by the rise in the pollution indices value where the water quality was moderately polluted heavily polluted. The conclusion is that the water quality of the Pucang River in 2018-2020 has decreased from the moderately polluted category to the heavily polluted, and the condition of river water cannot be used for its designation.
Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic has occurred in many countries and caused a world health crisis. The morbidity dan mortality rate due to Covid-19 still rising until now. The outbreak of Covid-19 was not only affected the mental health of community but also affect the medical workers as the frontline. Therefore, we present an overview of the mental health outcomes in medical workers and describe the management at the organizational and personal level. Literature is obtained through searches from the ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases which are further classified and summarized based on research questions. Discussion: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of medical workers shows that the majority of workers experience anxiety, insomnia, depression to severe stress. The risk of mental disorders in women is higher than men, nurses are higher than doctors, and middle and junior positions are higher than senior degrees. Efforts that have been made in controlling mental health problems for workers in health services include periodic mental health monitoring, psychological support through self-care, mindfulness techniques, active listening, music therapy, internal counseling, and problem solving among ourselves. In addition, workers in health services must also get social support such as instrumental support to emotional support in the workplace. Conclusion: Medical workers in the health services have a very high risk of experiencing mental health problems during the Covid-19 pandemic so that the role of leaders in every health care facility is required in carrying out stress management activities in the workplace.
Introduction: The increasing of confirmed positive case of SARS-Cov-2 Virus impacts to the need for improvement of health services, especially to the health workers and medical equipment. Along with the importance of regarding need of health service, it causes the rise number of medical waste that leads to health problem crisis. Therefore, this article presents common insight of the effectivity and challenge of medical waste management in Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: The notion is gained by finding out the source database from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google scholar, Researchgate that classified based on the research purpose. The keywords used were: (1) Covid-19 and medical waste; (2) pandemic solid waste; (3) waste and Covid-19; (4) management and pandemics.Results: An effective method to be applied is sterilizer technology, such as VH2O2 dan Stryker STERIZONE VP4, and the development of late waste respirator with the pyrolysis process. The method and the management process is considered, either nationally or internationally, as effective, but still we found challenge to implement the method, as lack of socialisation and support from the functionary. Conclusion: the method management can be implemented in the various countries, based on the needs and capability.
Worms is an infectious disease caused by parasitic worms that can endanger health. Worms that often infect and have a very detrimental impact are soil-borne worm infections or Soil-Transmitted Helminths. Soil-Transmitted Helminths still considered insignificant because it is considered not to cause harm or cause death. This study aims to determine the relationship of parasites in the soil with the presence of parasites on the nails of farmers Sumber Urip 1 Village Wonorejo, East Java, Indonesia. The research method was used observational analytic with a cross-sectional study design which involved 18 Sumber Urip 1 farmers in Wonorejo Village. The sampling technique used was Total Sampling. The bivariate analysis uses Pearson correlation with decision making using significant <0.01. The identification of parasites using the floating method in 18 soil samples contained 12 flattering pieces of hookworm larvae and roundworm eggs. While the results of parasite identification with sedimentation method in 18 nail samples of farmers, there are 11 positive hookworm larvae samples, i.e. Ancylostoma duodenale. The correlation test result showed a relationship between parasites in the soil and nails of Sumber Urip 1 farmers in Wonorejo village (significant as P < 0.01). The use of gloves and footwear (shoes) when working on agricultural land, wash hands with soap and brush nails so that dirt is lost, and consume worm medicine can prevent worms infection.
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