IntroductionThe rapid development of information technology makes the data communication and information delivery technology most effective. Moreover, this development has considerable advantages in every field of life, especially in education sector. Qomaruddin [1] proposed that using e-learning has many advantages over conventional learning, such as: quick feedback to students, saving of time in marking, consistently in marking and improve monitoring in students. While there are numerous e-learning solutions available today, the differentiating factors are the innovative instructional design and custom content development process [2]. Furthermore, to establish learning and development theories in web based learning, the system design should able to recognize the individual learning requirements [3]. The system has to recognize the individual requirements for ergonomic reasons, or adaptations to learning styles for an easier introduction into a topic.In the context of e-learning, the adaptation is about creating a learner experience that purposely adjusts to various conditions over a period of time with the intention of increasing success for the effectiveness of e-learning application. The adaptation concept in e-learning application has been on the e-learning research agenda for well over three decades in different research topics such as intelligent tutoring systems [4], adaptive hypermedia [5][6][7] and Multiagent systems [8] often based upon an instructional design model or guidelines and concept understanding. Linawati [9] explain that the students wer satisfied with adaptive hypermedia courseware, their academic achievement were rise significantly and the dropout rate were diminished.Meanwhile, several studies have focused on the pedagogical aspect of e-learning systems over the past few years, but they have provided insufficient guidelines for e-learning designers [10]. The development of e-learning standards is a complicated, time-consuming, and challenging process. Some projects have focused on determining the standard architecture and format for learning environments, such as IEEE learning technology systems architecture (LTSA), instructional management systems (IMS), and sharable content object reference model (SCORM) [11].Nowadays, the standardizations of e-learning application are abundant and cover all aspects of e-learning and distance education, from representation, packaging, and publishing of learning objects (LOs); to metadata that describe LOs. Furthermore, some standards
Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT) is a computer-based test framework which has ability to customize questions items given to the learner based on their estimated ability. In this research, the CAT system is build using Item Response Theory (IRT) techniques to develop an adaptive system based on question item's difficulty level and students' ability level. Moreover, to figure out the effectiveness of this CAT system, we do some experiments by comparing the average post-test score of students in CAT system and conventional system. The experiments result reveals that the average post-test score of students in the CAT system is much higher than the average post-test score of students in traditional test system.
Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a coastline of about 81,000 km and has a variety of very large biological and non-biological resources. Position as an archipelagic country with a very wide sea causes each region to have the potential to produce salt. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in various negative impacts on several fields such as the economy, social, SMEs and community services. Covid-19 has also resulted in a decrease in salt production and farmers also have difficulty marketing it. The research problem is the large number of salt farmers and number of indicators in providing assistance so that a model for measuring performance of salt farmers is needed. This performance measurement model is guided by several indicators, namely land area (K1), production result (K2), business capital (K3), and marketing system (K4). The method used Interval type-2 Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (IVFAHP). IVFAHP is used to determine indicators that most influence measurement of salt farmers. This study aims to build a model for measuring performance of salt farmers to increase economic productivity and ability of human resources to deal with COVID-19 pandemic. The contribution is a group-based decision by developing the fuzzy interval type-2 method with triangular fuzzy number (TFN) one midpoints. The findings from study are that the most influential indicators in dealing with COVID-19 pandemic are business capital and salt marketing. This research also produces recommendations for improvement salt farmers in an effort to increase salt production.
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