BACKGROUND Forensic dentistry is a branch of forensic medicine that has now become a standalone science. Lip print is used to identify forensic and non-forensic cases. The aim of this research is to find the pattern of lip print based on Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification according to quadrant, to investigate the difference of dominant lip print pattern in general and also according to the different gender (male and female) among Malaysians with Chinese ethnicity at University of Northern Sumatra. METHODS The subjects were male and female Malaysian Chinese students at University of Northern Sumatra. The study sample consisted of 30 students, 15 each of males and females. Subject's lips were applied with lipstick and cellophane tape to lift lip print for observation. Data was analysed by using Chi-square test. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that Malaysian Chinese students generally have type II as a dominant lip print pattern. As shown by Chi-square test, there was a significant difference between male and female lip print patterns. Type II lip print patterns was the highest number found in males, whereas type IV was in females. In general, type II was most common. CONCLUSIONS The dominant lip print pattern of Malaysian Chinese is Type II. The difference of lip print pattern between males and females lies on type IV.
Soft drinks and fruit juices with lower acidic pH have become popular beverages in communities. Acidic beverages resulting demineralization on tooth cause a decrease of enamel hardness. In oral cavity, demineralized tooth is rescued by the buffering capacity of saliva as well as by drinking milk to accelerate tooth enamel remineralization. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of enamel hardness score on tooth immersed in artificial saliva and cow milk. The present study was an experimental laboratory with pre and post test design. Thirty two maxillary first premolars were collected and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 16 samples each immersed in artificial saliva and cow milk. Samples were immersed in acidic solution for 5 min prior to exposing to cow milk (group 1) or artificial saliva (group 2) for 5 min twice a day until day3. Enamel hardness score was measured as follows : pre-treatment, post demineralization stage, and post treatment at day1 and day3 by Microvickers Hardness Tester. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and one way ANOVA. There was a significant difference (p=0,000) on enamel hardness score of group 1 at day1 (324,39±20.35 VHN) and day3 (354,80±21.09 VHN), as well as group 2 at day1 (308,06±15,94 VHN) and day3 (322,18±16.94 VHN). Tooth enamel hardness on group 1 was significantly different to group 2 both at day1 (p=0,018) and day3 (p=0,000). Those results suggest that artificial saliva and cow milk are able to increase the enamel hardness score. However, the efficacy of cow milk to augment the tooth enamel hardness is much higher than of artificial saliva is.
Dentin tersier adalah jaringan yang dibentuk sebagai respon yang terlokalisasi terhadap stimulus eksternal yang kuat dalam penggunaan gigi geligi. Atrisi akibat pengunyahan yang cepat dan berlebihan seperti menyirih akan memicu odontoblast-like cell membentuk dentin tersier. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi dentin tersier yang terbentuk pada gigi penyirih di setiap puncak pulpa yaitu mesio lingual, linguodistal, bukomesial, bukodistal dan fisur, melihat perbedaan distribusi dentin tersier di setiap bagian puncak pulpa dan distribusi dentin tersier yang terbentuk berdasarkan derajat atrisi gigi. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional, dengan melakukan observasi pada 11 gigi molar satu atau molar dua rahang bawah untuk melihat dentin tersier yang terbentuk pada gigi penyirih yang mengalami atrisi. Sampel ditanam kedalam dental stone sampai sepertiga akar gigi, dibelah secara vertikal menggunakan diamond bur disc dari arah mahkota gigi sampai ke batas dental stone. Sampel diobservasi dan difoto menggunakan mikroskop Olympus SZX16 yang dilengkapi kamera dan terintegrasi dengan komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dentin tersier ditemukan pada setiap puncak pulpa gigi yang mengalami atrisi dengan distribusi pada bagian linguomesial 90%, linguodistal 72,8%, bukomesial 100%, bukodistal 100%, dan fisur 90,9%. Distribusi persentase dentin yang terbentuk lebih banyak ditemukan pada atrisi derajat 2 (100%) dibandingkan atrisi derajat 1. Sebagai kesimpulan, dentin tersier terbentuk pada seluruh puncak pulpa bagian bukal gigi yang mengalami atrisi dan semakin parah atrisi yang terjadi dentin tersier yang terbentuk semakin kompleks.
The demineralization of tooth enamel, which can be triggered by acidic foods and drinks at pH < 5.5, can initiate dental caries. Yogurt and probiotic supplements are drinks that are often consumed to help digestive function and improve the immune system. However, both drinks have a low pH, thereby, a long time of consumption can trigger the demineralization process. This study aims to evaluate the enamel hardness after applying yogurt and probiotic supplements, which was carried out experimentally in a laboratory with a one-group post-test design. The sample used is 9 human maxillary premolars in each treatment group. The treatment group comprises the test material, such as yogurt and probiotic supplements, as well as one control group with artificial saliva. Dental samples were immersed in the test material for 96 hours, and the enamel hardness level was measured with a Micro Vickers Hardness tester. The T-paired test showed that soaking with yogurt does not significantly affect the hardness of the enamel, as indicated by a p-value of 0.016. However, the effect was significant in probiotic supplements, with p=0.004. The results showed that soaking with yogurt was not significantly different from probiotic supplements in reducing enamel hardness, as evidenced by the Post Hoc (LSD) test (p=0.464). Conclusively, yogurt decreased enamel hardness less than probiotic supplements.
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