Severe neutrophilia caused by renal cell carcinoma secreting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a rare manifestation of renal cancer. A 70-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of severe anemia, severe neutrophilia and elevated serum G-CSF, which completely resolved after radical nephrectomy. Histologic study revealed a histologically high-grade, stage pT1N0M0 renal cell carcinoma. Serum G-CSF level was elevated preoperatively and returned to normal postoperatively. Immunohistochemical study of the tumor tissue using anti-G-CSF monoclonal antibody revealed positive staining in the cancer cells. Careful follow-up of white blood cell count and physical examination for neck lymph node enlargement led to the timely identification of tumor recurrence 17 months after surgery, which resulted in prompt and successful salvage immunotherapy. In this case, G-CSF appeared to contribute to the leukocytosis, as both serum G-CSF level and white blood cell count closely correlated with the clinical tumor growth. White blood cell count should be closely monitored as an indicator of disease activity in patients with G-CSF-producing renal cell carcinoma.
Ketamine is an ionotropic glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, which is widely used among recreational drug abusers. Ketamine abusers exhibit substantially reduced bladder capacity, which can lead to urinary frequency. The molecular pathogenesis of ketamine-induced cystitis has been scarcely reported. Given previous clinical findings, it may be hypothesized that pathological alterations in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the urinary bladder serve a crucial role in the mechanism underlying cystitis. In the present study, two lineages of SMCs, one from differentiated foreskin-derived fibroblast-like stromal cells and the other from cultured normal aortic SMCs, were used to study ketamine-induced molecular alterations. Polymerase chain reaction was used to study the effects of ketamine on oxidative stress. The effects of adjuvant chemo-therapy with cyclophosphamide (CTX) were also investigated. The results indicated that the expression levels of interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were decreased, whereas collagen expression and deposition were increased in ketamine-treated SMCs. Conversely, treatment with CTX restored the expression of iNOS, which may prevent or limit oxidative damage. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that ketamine may induce several molecular alterations in SMCs and these changes may be associated with the clinical symptoms observed in ketamine abusers. In addition, the specific chemotherapeutic agent CTX may reverse these ketamine-induced aberrations.
dynein transport along the cytoskeletal microtubules towards the minus end is essential for cell division, cell migration and other basic cellular functions. dynein cytoplasmic 1 light intermediate chain 1 (dYnc1li1) has been previously associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer. cytoskeletal structures are involved in the regulation of the mucosal barrier integrity. Thus, improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the mucosal barrier is critical for cancer management and treatment. The present study aimed to investigate dYnc1li1 expression in colorectal cancer (crc) tissues. The american Joint committee on cancer Stage ii crc cell line lS 174T was used to determine the association between the cellular expression levels of dYnc1li1 and different types of mucin (Muc) by reverse transcription-quantitative Pcr. The role of dYnc1li1 in cell chemosensitivity and proliferation was also evaluated in the presence of the dna analog 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) or the platinum-based drug, oxaliplatin by the MTT assay. lS 174T cells with decreased expression levels of dYnc1li1 were discovered to be more sensitive to 5-Fu compared with lS 174T cells with endogenous dYnc1li1 expression levels. Moreover, lS 174T cells transfected with short hairpin rna targeting dYnc1li1 were associated with low Muc1 and high Muc2, Muc4 and Muc5ac expression levels. notably, the crc cells with low Muc1 expression levels and high expression levels of the other Mucs (Muc2, Mu4 and Muc5ac) were shown to benefit from 5-FU treatment. In conclusion, the findings of the present study have suggested that dYnc1li1 expression may be significantly associated with MUC expression levels and may be used to predict the chemotherapeutic efficiency. However, additional functional studies and clinical reports are required for an improved understanding of the significance of these molecular interactions in tumorigenesis.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of keratin 20 (KRT20) and placenta specific 8 (PLAC8) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer with various differentiation phenotypes. The present study retrospectively investigated archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 12 patients at different stages of GI cancer [four with gastric cancer, four with pancreatic cancer and four with colorectal cancer (crc)]. The stages were pre-determined, according to differentiation phenotypes, by a pathologist of the Department of Pathology at Sijhih Cathay General Hospital. KRT20 and PLAC8 expression levels were assessed using immunohistochemistry. The crc cell lines SW620 and caco-2 were used to assess interactions between KRT20 and PLAC8 via reverse transcription-quantitative Pcr. PLAC8 and KRT20 expression was observed consistently only in the well-differentiated CRC tissue samples. Low KRT20 expression levels were observed in the PLAC8 knockdown SW620 cells. In addition, there was a positive association between PLAC8 and KRT20 expression in the differentiated caco-2 cells. according to the results of the present study, the differentiation status of GI cancer influenced KrT20 expression, particularly in crc, which may explain why patients with well-differentiated CRC display better clinical outcomes. Therefore, the prognostic significance of KrT20 and PLAC8 may be particularly crucial for patients with CRC displaying a well-differentiated phenotype.
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