Introduction The worldwide prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy was recently estimated to be 34.6%. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in developed nations has been thoroughly investigated, and risk factors are well understood. However, there is a shortage of information in the study areas about the prevalence and contributing factors of diabetic retinopathy among type two diabetes patients. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and associated factor among type 2 diabetic patients who were on follow up services at northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals diabetic care units. Method An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals from October 15 to November 15, 2021, among 496 diabetes patients. Systematic random sampling technique was used. Data were collected by utilizing a semi-structured questionnaire and a direct Topcon retinal camera inspection. Then data were coded, entered, and exported to SPSS version 23 from EPI-Data version 4.6. All variables with P-value < 0.25 in the binary logistic regression analyses were included in the multivariable regression analysis. The degree of association was interpreted by using the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals, and the significance level was declared at P-value < 0.05. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test was used to check the fitness of the model. Result The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among type two diabetes patients was 36.3%. Sex [AOR = 3.25, 95% CI (1.80, 6.68)], visiting health institution [AOR = 0.027, 95% CI (0.003, 0.253)], educational level [AOR = 4.23, 95% CI (1.09, 16.47)], glycemic control [AOR = 0.099, 95% CI (0.02, 0.49)], hypertension status (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI (1.01, 6.45)] were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion In this study less than half of diabetic patients had diabetic retinopathy. Sex, visiting health institution, educational level, glycemic control, and hypertension status were significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Background Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the source of about 20% of episodes of health-care acquired infections in acute care facilities and it is over 50% in long-term care facilities. In Ethiopia, there is no published scientific research regarding knowledge and practice of nurses on catheter-associated urinary tract infections prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, practice and associated factors of CAUTI prevention among nurses working at university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2021. Methods Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital from April 01 to May 01, 2021 among 423 nurses. Simple random sampling technique was used. Data were collected by using self-administered questionnaire then coded and entered into EPI- Data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was computed, and the result was summarized by texts, tables, and charts. All variables with P-value < 0.25 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariable regression analysis. The degree of association was interpreted by using the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Results Good knowledge and practice of nurses towards CAUTI prevention was 37.7% and 51.8% respectively. Good knowledge was associated with sex [AOR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.09, 3.11)], work experience [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI (1.09, 5.10)], working unit [AOR = 6.9, 95% CI (2.11, 22.52)], training [AOR = 2.33, 95% CI (1.17, 4.65)] and had guideline [AOR = 2.78, 95% CI (1.59, 4.88)]. Good practice was associated with sex, work experience, attitude and knowledge towards CAUTI prevention [AOR = 2.19, 95% CI (1.23, 3.88)], [AOR = 5.44, 95% CI (1.66, 17.84)], [AOR = 3.06, 95% CI (1.65, 5.67)], and [AOR = 5.28, 95% CI (2.86, 9.76)] respectively. Conclusions Nearly one-third of nurses had good knowledge and more than half of nurses had good practice towards CAUTI prevention. Sex, work experience, work unit, presence of guideline, and training were significantly associated with knowledge. Sex, work experience, good attitude and, knowledge were associated with practice of nurses towards CAUTI prevention. The knowledge and practice towards catheter associated urinary tract infection prevention among nurses should be increased, so that the patients could enjoy and maintain the healthy lifestyle.
Background: Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a 13 years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practices towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses' knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcers in Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25-April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with a simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistically significant association with P < 0.05. Result: The mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point 5 % of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.26-0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR = 3.57, 95% CI (1.48-8.61), not having training [(AOR = 2.31, 95% CI (1.14-4.61)], Low salary [AOR = 3.47, 95% CI (1.03-11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcers was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcers.
Background Prolonged length of stay at the emergency department interferes with the main goal of emergency care and results in adverse patient outcomes like nosocomial infection, dissatisfaction, morbidity, and mortality. Despite this, little is known about the length of stay and the factors that influence it in Ethiopia’s emergency department. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 495 patients admitted at Amhara region comprehensive specialized hospitals emergency department from May 14 to June 15/2022. A systematic random sampling was employed to select study participants. A pretested structured interview-based questionnaire was used to collect data by using Kobo toolbox software. SPSS version 25 was used for data analysis. Bi-variable logistic regression analysis was carried out to select variables with P-value < 0.25. The significance of association was interpreted using an Adjusted Odds Ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Variables with P-value < 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were inferred to be significantly associated with length of stay. Result Out of 512 enrolled participants, 495 were participated with a response rate of 96.7%. The prevalence of prolonged length of stay in the adult emergency department was 46.5% (95%CI: 42.1, 51.1). Lack of insurance (AOR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.65), non-communicative presentation (AOR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.68), delayed consultation (AOR: 9.5; 95% CI: 5.00, 18.03), overcrowding (AOR: 4.98; 95% CI: 2.13, 11.68), and shift change experience (AOR: 3.67; 95% CI: 1.30, 10.37) were significantly associated with prolonged length of stay. Conclusion The result of this study is found to be high based on Ethiopian target emergency department patient length of stay. Lack of insurance, presentation without communication, delayed consultation, overcrowding, and shift change experience were significant factors for prolonged emergency department length of stay. Therefore, interventions like expansion of organizational setup are needed to decrease the length of stay to an acceptable level.
Background: Pressure ulcer is largely avoidable, but its prevalence rate increased more than 80% in a thirteen years study. Nurses have a great position to advance best practices towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. Therefore they should be knowledgeable of the signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, and preventive strategies to reduce its incidence, but there is limited evidence on nurses’ knowledge and its associated factors to prevent pressure ulcer in Ethiopia. Objectives: The study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge and associated factors towards pressure ulcer prevention at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 25 – April 23/ 2018. A total of 356 nurses were selected by stratification with a simple random sampling technique. Pretested structured questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used to collect data. Frequency distribution and percentage were computed to describe each variable. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was also carried out to see the effect of each independent variable on the dependent variable and declared statistical significant association with P< 0.05. Result: The mean knowledge score of nurses was 25.22 out of 41 item questions. Fifty-two point five percent of nurses score above the mean. Males [AOR=0.44, 95% CI (0.26 – 0.73)], working a maximum of eight hours [AOR= 3.57, 95% CI (1.48 – 8.61), not having training [(AOR= 2.31, 95% CI (1.14 – 4.61)], Low salary [AOR= 3.47, 95% CI (1.03 – 11.67)] were significantly associated with inadequate knowledge. Conclusion: Generally a nurse's knowledge of pressure ulcer was inadequate. Being female, working less than or equal to eight hours, not having the training and low working salary are contributors to a low level of knowledge for pressure ulcer. Keywords: Knowledge, Nurses, Pressure Ulcer Prevention
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