With social development and interactions, living spaces are constantly changing. This change starting with agricultural practices, proceed to affect the natural environment negatively with the industrial revolution. The unconscious use of resources and the increase in migration to cities have caused various environmental problems. Especially the impermeable surfaces/roads that increase with urbanization have caused the deterioration of the natural landscape structure, the breaking of the natural water cycle in the city and even the destruction of important habitats. This caused the climate to change. With the continuation of urbanization and population increases, the effects of climate change on life will be great. This study was carried out to evaluate the awareness of climate change in addition to the doctoral study conducted to evaluate the effects of climate change on Samsun province. In particular, the opinions of university students on the effects and consequences of climate change and the formation of social awareness were taken. A questionnaire consisting of 28 questions was prepared; It was made to the students of the Faculty of Architecture of Ondokuz Mayıs University, who volunteered to participate in the survey. The views of the future architects and urban and regional planner candidates were evaluated in 3 categories: Awareness on Climate Change, Formation of Community Consciousness, and Climate Vulnerability of the Region. As a result, it has been observed that general awareness begins to emerge at an early age, their knowledge and training on climate change has improved with university education, and awareness has been created in their environment with the education they have received. In addition, it is thought that social awareness is very important in climate change, this can be achieved by establishing the control mechanism of local governments and making the necessary legal arrangements, and it is still not too late to fight against climate change.
First responders to forest fires, especially in areas that cannot be reached by land, are carried out by helicopters. In large forest lands, the necessity of helicopters to reach fire areas in the shortest time reveals the importance of heliport locations. In this study, the set-covering problem is handled by optimizing heliport locations in a heavily forested Milas district of Muğla, Turkey, where forest fires have occurred severely in recent years. The aim is to cover the entire region with a minimum number of heliports within specified response times. The forest density of the relevant region is integrated as weights into the mathematical model based on geographic information systems (GIS) during location-allocation. In addition, several conditions related to the study area, such as their proximity to roads, distance to settlement areas, slope, wetlands, altitude, the existence of heliports or airports, and others, were defined on 2 × 2 km grids and analyzed in ArcGIS for use in mathematical modeling, which was developed as a multi-objective programming model. In the first model, different initial attack (IA) times are considered, and the tradeoffs between IA time coverages and heliport locations are revealed by using the ɛ constraint method. Then, in the second model, the water sources are evaluated to provide recommendations for further extended attack (EA) and additional water sources (pools) considering the existing ones. Mathematical modeling is used to determine Pareto optimal heliport and additional water source locations for both IA and EA in the forest fires, respectively. Finally, the potential savings of the proposed model are quantified by comparing the model results with the current locations of the helicopters and water sources based on historical fire data.
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