In this study, the nucleation and growth kinetics behavior of aluminum (Al) were investigated in the Choline-chloride (ChCl)-urea deep eutectic solvent (DES) ionic liquids. The studies of cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometry demonstrated that the electrodeposition process of Al was controlled by three-dimensional progressive nucleation and instantaneous nucleation. And the growth of nuclei is a diffusion-controlled process. The diffusion coefficient of Al ions was calculated at 343 K, that is, 1.773 × 10−10 cm2/s. The Al coating was obtained on the surface of the AZ31 magnesium alloy electrode under appropriate conditions. According to the surface morphology of the Al film, it could be inferred that the theoretical deposit thickness is similar to the actual thickness, and the apparent diffusion rate of Al ions is slower than the diffusion coefficient in the electrolytes. So, in the later deposition, lamellar Al along the diffusion direction were formed, and lamellar depleted Al zones existed around the big grain Al-rich region.
Abstract-The OCS (operation control system) is playing a vital role in ensuring the high efficiency and safety of the maglev train. In this paper, we focused on modeling and verification of the handover process of OCS. After we analyzed the function and performance of the system, the process was modeled as a network of timed automata by the verification tool UPPAAL, which was synchronized to describe the communication establishment and massage exchange among subsystems. Then, some key properties that are vital to guarantee the correctness of the handover process were verified with the UPPAAL. Finally, the result shows that the handover process in operation control system of maglev train is provided with safety and restricted activity.
Abstract:The PID controller with an advantage of simple structure and easy extension is difficult to meet the requirements of the speed control system during the parameters variation and load disturbance. This paper presents a model predictive control(MPC) strategy for motor speed control based on analysis of the mathematical model of long stator linear synchronous motor(LSLSM), which utilizes move-blocking strategy to reduce the degrees of freedom of the controller by fixing the system input to keep it constant over several time. Then a low-computation MPC controller is designed for the sake of controller implementation in practice. Finally, the simulation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller by using Matlab. Results show that the MPC controller effectively improved the dynamic performance and steady state accuracy of the system and the low-computation MPC reduced the computational complexity with a decline in accuracy.
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