In this work, a novel and easy‐to‐use methodology is developed to prepare supported ionic liquid gel membranes (SILGMs) by incorporating ionogels into commercial porous supports, to use as both electrolytes and separators for supercapacitors. Macroscopic sol–gel transition temperature, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and thermal behaviors of the ionogels are systematically investigated. Ionic conductivities of the ionogels and SILGMs are measured from 25 to 100 °C. The ionic conductivities of the ionogels are lower by one order of magnitude once they are incorporated into the supports. Nonetheless, the ionic conductivity of the SILGMs has reached the practical application level required for energy storage and conversion devices. Furthermore, the stability and flexibility of SILGMs are investigated as flexible electrolytes for supercapacitor devices (see Video in the Supporting Information). Charge–discharge cycling of symmetric supercapacitors based on the SILGMs reveal specific capacitance as high as 153 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and remain at 101 F g−1 at 10 A g−1. The capacitance retention after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles at 5.0 A g−1 is as high as 97%, demonstrating excellent cycle stability of the device. The studies suggest that SILGMs are promising candidates for stable, high performance, and flexible energy storage and conversion devices that could be made by high volume roll‐to‐roll processing.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae, is a small, enveloped, positive-strand RNA virus. Due to its economic importance to the pig industry, the biology and pathogenesis of CSFV have been investigated extensively. However, the mechanisms of CSFV entry into cells are not well characterized. In this study, we used systematic approaches to dissect CSFV cell entry. We first observed that CSFV infection was inhibited by chloroquine and NH 4 Cl, suggesting that viral entry required a low-pH environment. By using the specific inhibitor dynasore, or by expressing the dominant negative (DN) K44A mutant, we verified that dynamin is required for CSFV entry. CSFV particles were observed to colocalize with clathrin at 5 min postinternalization, and CSFV infection was significantly reduced by chlorpromazine treatment, overexpression of a dominant negative form of the EPS15 protein, or knockdown of the clathrin heavy chain by RNA interference. These results suggested that CSFV entry depends on clathrin. Additionally, we found that endocytosis of CSFV was dependent on membrane cholesterol, while neither the overexpression of a dominant negative caveolin mutant nor the knockdown of caveolin had an effect. These results further suggested that CSFV entry required cholesterol and not caveolae. Importantly, the effect of DN mutants of three Rab proteins that regulate endosomal traffic on CSFV infection was examined. Expression of DN Rab5 and Rab7 mutants, but not the DN Rab11 mutant, significantly inhibited CSFV replication. These results were confirmed by silencing of Rab5 and Rab7. Confocal microscopy showed that virus particles colocalized with Rab5 or Rab7 during the early phase of infection within 45 min after virus entry. These results indicated that after internalization, CSFV moved to early and late endosomes before releasing its RNA. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that CSFV enters cells through the endocytic pathway, providing new insights into the life cycle of pestiviruses. IMPORTANCEBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a single-stranded, positive-sense pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae, is internalized by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. However, the detailed mechanism of cell entry is unknown for other pestiviruses, such as classical swine fever (CSF) virus (CSFV). CSFV is the etiological agent of CSF, a highly contagious disease of swine that causes numerous deaths in pigs and enormous economic losses in China. Understanding the entry pathway of CSFV will not only advance our knowledge of CSFV infection and pathogenesis but also provide novel drug targets for antiviral intervention. Based on this objective, we used systematic approaches to dissect the pathway of entry of CSFV into PK-15 cells. This is the first report to show that the entry of CSFV into PK-15 cells requires a low-pH environment and involves dynamin-and cholesteroldependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis that requires Rab5 and Rab7....

Abstract2 results illustrate that PILs are a kind of promising absorbents for the selective separation of H 2 S/CO 2 and believed to have potential use in gas sweetening.Topical Heading Thermodynamics and Molecular-Scale Phenomena

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Developing absorbents with both high absorption capacity of H 2 S and large selectivity of H 2 S/CO 2 is very important for natural gas sweetening process. To this end, a class of novel hydrophobic protic ionic liquids (ILs) containing free tertiary amine group as functional site for the absorption of H 2 S were designed in this work. They were facilely synthesized through a simple neutralization-metathesis methodology by utilizing diamine compounds and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as the building blocks for cation and anion, respectively. Impressively, the solubility of H 2 S can reach 0.546 mol mol 21 (1 bar) and 0.225 mol mol 21 (0.1 bar), and the selectivity of H 2 S/CO 2 can reach 37.2 (H 2 S solubility at 1 bar vs. CO 2 solubility at 1 bar) and 15.4 (H 2 S solubility at 0.1 bar vs. CO 2 solubility at 1 bar) in the hydrophobic protic ILs at 298.2 K. Comparing the hydrophobic protic ILs with other absorbents justifies their superior performance in the selective absorption of H 2 S from CO 2 .

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The transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) plays an important role in the regulation of a variety of cardiac genes during development and during adult aging. A novel SRF cofactor, herein called p49/STRAP, for SRF-dependent transcription regulation-associated protein, was recently identified in our laboratory. This protein interacted mainly with the transcriptional activation domain of the SRF protein and was found to bind to SRF or to the complex of SRF and another cofactor, such as myocardin or Nkx2.5. The expression of p49/ STRAP affected the promoter activity of SRF target genes in a non-uniform manner. For example, p49 activated MLC2v and cardiac actin promoters when it was co-transfected with SRF, but it repressed atrial natriuretic factor promoter activity, which was strongly induced by myocardin. The p49/STRAP mRNA was observed to be highly expressed in fetal, adult, and senescent human hearts, and also in hearts of young adult and old mice, suggesting that p49/STRAP may be an important SRF cofactor in the transcriptional regulation of mammalian cardiac muscle genes throughout the life span.

Six new epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids, penicisulfuranols A-F (1-6), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium janthinellum HDN13-309. All structures including absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data and ECD calculations. They belong to the unusual family of ETPs containing sulfur atoms on both α- and β-positions of amino acid residues and a rare 1,2-oxazadecaline core moiety. In addition, compounds 1-6 also possess a rare spiro-furan ring and 1-3 showed cytotoxicity with IC values ranging from 0.1 to 3.9 μM.