The present study has been conducted to isolate and identify the leaf fungal spot pathogens of eggplant at different regions of Basrah city and their  chemical  control. The results showed that the disease was spread at all regions cultivated with eggplant at Basrah province with infection percentages of 46.6-88.5%. The highest infection percent was recorded at Garmat Ali region (88.5%), while the lowest percent was recorded at the Agricultural station (46.6%). The highest percent of  disease severity (50 %) was recorded at Tomato Cultivars Breeding Project, while the lowest percent was recorded at Agricultural station (20%). Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium oxysporum and Curvularia lunata were isolated from the leaves infected with spot disease, the pathogenicity test revealed that all isolated fungi were pathogenic. C. oxysporum and C. lunata were recorded for the first time in Iraq as causal agents of eggplant leaf spot. The results showed that the fungicide Ortiva inhibited the growth of the fungi with an average of 95.7%, followed by Difecor ( 94.9%), additionally, it was noticed that all examined fungicides completely inhibited the growth of both C. oxysporum and C. lunata ( %100 for each one). The study revealed that the fungicide Ortiva significantly reduced the disease severity of eggplant leaf spot disease up to 11.6% compared with control treatment which was 25%. Finally the results explained that the fungicide Ortiva gave the best protection to eggplant which infected with leaf spot disease compared to the other fungicides, it achieved a best plant height, higher dry weight of shoot and root systems, higher leaf area and higher leaves number. Therefore it is recommended for controlling the spot disease.

Grapevine is an important fruit crop grown in the Chott Sidi Abdel Salam oasis in south eastern Tunisia. It provides great economic potential for the oasis population due to its higher yield and monetary returns. It, also, has a good nutritional value and is consumed fresh or in dried form. Powdery mildew represents one of the most destructive diseases affecting viticulture, especially in temperate-humid climate. It is an economically important fungal disease in the grapevine farms. This pathogen is able to differentially attack leaves and grapes, and is currently controlled with repeated applications of fungicides. This research aimed to use chemical control in order to assess the ability of contact, systemic and the combination of both routes of fungicides’ administration, at three different sampling moments to manage powdery mildew infestation of grapevines (Cv. Bazzoul Kalba), under field conditions. The experiments were conducted in the oasis of Chott Sidi Abdel Salam in southeastern Tunisia. Both Pristine WG and Vectra 10 SC allowed controlling the disease intensity of powdery mildew compared to Talendo® showing a highly significant augmentation of the inhibitory growth potential (84.26% and 88.94%, respectively at 21 days after the first fungicide application) and the protective potential (73.11% and 76.92%, respectively at 21 day). This information can be used to help grapevines growers to improve powdery mildew control and enhance marketable yields.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of interaction between Trichoderma harzianum and the fungicide Topsin-M on root rot disease that infected okra in the field. Three fungi were isolated from the root of okra that infected with root rot disease: Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogenicity of these fungi was tested and found to be they cause root rot disease on okra, the disease severity was 41.7, 6.7 and 31.7% respectively. The laboratorial experiments showed that T. harzianum had a high antagonism ability with degrees of 1 and 2 against the pathogenic fungi M. phaseolina, F. solani and R. solani respectively. Also, it was found that the fungicide Topsin –M inhibited the growth of all pathogenic fungi with a percent of 100%, while it inhibited the bioagent fungus growth with a percent of 50.4 %, therefore it be recommended for the interaction experiments. The field results showed that using of bioagent T. harzianum and fungicide topsin-M significantly reduced the infection percentage and severity disease of the pathogenic fungi F. solani, R. solani and M. phaseolina to 65.3, 21.20, 13.20, 46.20, 25.70 and 18.20% respectively, compared to each pathogenic fungus alone which were 71.00, 60.20, 60.20, 66.80, 80.20 and 60.20% respectively. The interaction between the bioagent T. harzianum and topsin-M led to increase the plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root systems and the fruit productivity of the examined okra plants .

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