A study of Eggplant Leaf Spot Disease in Greenhouses at Basrah Province

Abstract

The present study has been conducted to isolate and identify the leaf fungal spot pathogens of eggplant at different regions of Basrah city and their chemical control. The results showed that the disease was spread at all regions cultivated with eggplant at Basrah province with infection percentages of 46.6-88.5%. The highest infection percent was recorded at Garmat Ali region (88.5%), while the lowest percent was recorded at the Agricultural station (46.6%). The highest percent of disease severity (50 %) was recorded at Tomato Cultivars Breeding Project, while the lowest percent was recorded at Agricultural station (20%). Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium oxysporum and Curvularia lunata were isolated from the leaves infected with spot disease, the pathogenicity test revealed that all isolated fungi were pathogenic. C. oxysporum and C. lunata were recorded for the first time in Iraq as causal agents of eggplant leaf spot. The results showed that the fungicide Ortiva inhibited the growth of the fungi with an average of 95.7%, followed by Difecor ( 94.9%), additionally, it was noticed that all examined fungicides completely inhibited the growth of both C. oxysporum and C. lunata ( %100 for each one). The study revealed that the fungicide Ortiva significantly reduced the disease severity of eggplant leaf spot disease up to 11.6% compared with control treatment which was 25%. Finally the results explained that the fungicide Ortiva gave the best protection to eggplant which infected with leaf spot disease compared to the other fungicides, it achieved a best plant height, higher dry weight of shoot and root systems, higher leaf area and higher leaves number. Therefore it is recommended for controlling the spot disease.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Paecilomyces Lilacinus and Trichoderma Harzianum as Biological Control Agents Against Alternaria Solani Causing Early Blight Disease of Eggplant

“…The high level of humidity and frequency of precipitation following by the hot and dry weather greatly reduces the yield. In Iraq, the amount of eggplant infection has been estimated more than 60% (Salih & Abdul Ridha, 2019;Jindo et al, 2021). There are some methods to control this disease (chemical control, biological treatment, resistant varieties, crop rotation, etc.)…”

“…Therefore, the development of new alternative control methods is strongly required. Recently, new environmentally friendly tools (biological control) were tested to manage this disease worldwide (Chohan et al, 2019;Salih & Abdul Ridha, 2019). Many species of antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma spp., Paecilomyces spp., Submitted: April 26, 2021Revised: May 26, 2021Accepted for Publication: May 28, 2021 Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., etc.)…”

Evaluation of Spray Droplets Characteristics Depending on the Configuration of Boomless Nozzle

“…Whereas, the field experiments were carried out in the greenhouse where planted in eggplant with coordinates of 30.561229E, 47.751444N. The total area of eggplant was 500m 2 . The average height of plant at the time of spraying processes was an approximate height of 0.635 m, with an average canopy diameter of 0.62 m. The plants were cultivated with an average spacing of 0.4 m between plants and 1.5m between rows.…”

“…In Iraq especially in the recent years, there were clear reductions in the cultivated areas for vegetables due to different factors such as water deficiency and changes in the climatic conditions. For this reason, many farmers have taken care of the greenhouses in order to prepare a suitable environment for the growth and production of crops to compensate for the decrease of the previous year's [1][2][3]. Among the types of vegetables, the eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) is an annual crop, belonging to the Solanaceae family [4].…”

Efficacy of foliar fungicides on controlling early blight disease of Eggplant, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

“…Early blight caused by Alternaria solani is a common and widespread foliar disease of eggplant (Salih and Abdul Ridha, 2019). Early blight disease, which in severe cases can lead to complete defoliation, is more harmful in areas with high humidity; heavy rainfall, and fairly high temperatures (24-29 °C).…”