We report an all-nanowire based flexible Li-ion battery full cell, using homologous Mn2O3 and LiMn2O4 nanowires for anodes and cathodes, respectively. The same precursors, MnOOH nanowires, are transformed from hydrothermally grown MnO2 nanoflakes and directly attached on Ti foils via reaction with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The Mn2O3 anode and LiMn2O4 cathode are subsequently formed by thermal annealing and reaction with lithium salt, respectively. The one-dimensional nanowire structures provide short lithium-ion diffusion path, good charge transport, and volume flexibility for Li(+) intercalation/deintercalation, thus leading to good rate capability and cycling performance. As proof-of-concept, the Mn2O3 nanowire anode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 815.9 mA h g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) and maintains a capacity of 502.3 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles. The LiMn2O4 nanowire cathodes show a reversible capacity of 94.7 mA h g(-1) at 100 mA g(-1) and high capacity retention of ∼ 96% after 100 cycles. Furthermore, a flexible Mn2O3//LiMn2O4 lithium ion full cell is fabricated, with an output voltage of >3 V, low thickness of 0.3 mm, high flexibility, and a specific capacity of 99 mA h g(-1) based on the total weight of the cathode material. It also exhibits good cycling stability with a capacity of ∼ 80 mA h g(-1) after 40 charge/discharge cycles.

Background Many evidence-based preventive services are unaffordable. Pay-it-forward offers an individual a gift (e.g. a test for sexually transmitted diseases) and then asks whether they would like to give a gift (e.g. a future test) to another person. This study examined the effectiveness of a pay-it-forward program to increase gonorrhea and chlamydia testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled superiority trial at three HIV testing sites run by MSM community-based organizations between November 2018 to January 2019. We included MSM aged 16 and older seeking HIV testing who met indications for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing. Restricted randomization was employed using computer-generated permuted blocks. Thirty groups were 1:1:1 randomized into three arms: a pay-it-forward arm where men were offered free gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and then asked whether they would like to donate others' tests; a pay-what-you-want arm where men were offered free testing and given the option to pay any desired amount for the test; and a standard-of-care arm where testing was offered at 150RMB (US$22). There was no masking to arm assignment. The primary outcome was gonorrhea and chlamydia test uptake ascertained by administrative records. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate intervention effect with one-sided 95% confidence intervals and a pre-specified superiority margin, 20%. The trial was registered (NCT03741725). Findings Three hundred and one men were recruited and included in the analysis: 101 were randomized to pay-it-forward, 100 to pay-what-you-want, and 100 to standard-of-care. Test Interpretation Pay-it-forward strategy can increase gonorrhea and chlamydia testing among Chinese MSM and may be a useful tool for scaling up preventive services that carry a mandatory fee.

Background Social media and secondary distribution (distributing self-testing kits by indexes through their networks) both show strong promise to improve HIV self-testing uptake. We assessed an implementation program in Zhuhai, China, which focused on the secondary distribution of HIV/syphilis self-test kits among men who have sex with men (MSM) via social media. Methods Men of age 16 or above, born biologically male, and ever had sex with another man were recruited as indexes. Banner ads on a social media platform invited the participants to apply for up to five self-test kits every three-months. Index men paid a deposit of 15 USD/kit refundable upon submitting a photograph of a completed test result via an online submission system. They were informed that they could distribute the kits to others (referred to as “alters”). Results A total of 371 unique index men applied for 1150 kits (mean age=28.7±6.9), of which 1141 test results were returned (99%). Among them, 1099 were valid test results, 810 (74%) were from 331 unique index men, and 289 tests (26%) were from 281 unique alters. Compared to index men, a higher proportion of alters were naïve HIV testers (40% VS. 21%, P<0.001). The total HIV self-test reactivity rate was 3%, with alters having a significantly higher rate than indexes(5% VS 2%, P=0.008). A total of 21 people (3%) had a reactive syphilis test result. Conclusions Integrating social media with the secondary distribution of self-test kits may hold promise to increase HIV/syphilis testing coverage and case identification among MSM.

Based on our study, Combined use of intravenous and topical TXA is more effective than intravenous TXA alone in primary total knee or hip arthroplasty without increasing the risk of thromboembolic complications. Further high quality studies with more patients are needed in future studies.

IMPORTANCE Language and indexing biases may exist among Chinese-sponsored randomized clinical trials (CS-RCTs). Such biases may threaten the validity of systematic reviews. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the existence of language and indexing biases among CS-RCTs on drug interventions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this retrospective cohort study, eligible CS-RCTs were retrieved from trial registries, and bibliographic databases were searched to determine their publication status.

Pro-pregnancy hormone progesterone (P4) helps to maintain a quiescent status of uterine tissues during gestation. However, P4’s functional role in maintaining fetal membrane (amniochorion) integrity remains unclear. P4 functions through its membrane receptors (PGRMCs) as fetal membrane cells lack nuclear receptors. This study screened the differential expression of PGRMCs in the fetal membranes and tested P4-PGRMC interactions under normal and oxidative stress (OS) conditions expected that can disrupt P4-PGRMC interactions impacting fetal membrane stability resulting in parturition. Human fetal membranes were collected from term and preterm deliveries (N = 5). Immunohistochemistry and western blot localized and determined differential expression of P4 receptors. Primary amnion epithelial (AEC), mesenchymal (AMCs), and chorion cell were treated with P4 alone or cotreat (P4 + OS induced by cigarette smoke extract [CSE]). Proximity ligation assay (PLA) documented P4-receptor binding, while P4 ELISA documented culture supernatant levels. Immunohistology confirmed lack of nuclear PRs; however, confirmed expressions of PGRMC 1 and 2. Term labor (P = 0.01) and preterm rupture (P = 0.01) are associated with significant downregulation of PGRMC2. OS induced differential downregulation of PGRMCs in both amnion and chorion cells (all P < 0.05) and downregulates P4 release (AMCs; P = 0.01). The PLA showed preferential receptor-ligand binding in amnion and chorion cells. Co-treatment of P4 + CSE did not reverse CSE-induced effects. In conclusion, P4-PGRMCs interaction maintains fetal membranes’ functional integrity throughout pregnancy. Increased OS reduces endogenous P4 production and cell type-dependent downregulation of PGRMCs. These changes can lead to fetal membrane-specific ‘functional progesterone withdrawal’, contributing to the dysfunctional fetal membrane status seen at term and preterm conditions.

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Background Gonorrhea and chlamydia testing rates are poor among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). A quasi-experimental study suggested that a pay-it-forward strategy increased dual gonorrhea/chlamydia testing among MSM. Pay-it-forward offers an individual a gift (e.g., a free test) and then asks the same person if they would like to give a gift to another person. This article reports the protocol of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate dual gonorrhea/chlamydia test uptake and other outcomes among MSM in three arms – a pay-it-forward arm, a pay-what-you-want arm, and a standard of care arm. Methods Three hundred MSM will be recruited at three HIV testing sites in Guangzhou and Beijing. Testing sites include two hospital-based MSM sexually transmitted diseases clinics and one MSM community-based organization. Eligible participants will be born biologically male, aged 16 years or older, reporting previous anal sex with another man, having never participated in the pay-it-forward program, without previous gonorrhea and chlamydia testing in the past 12 months, and residing in China. Following a cluster randomized design, every cluster of ten participants will be randomly allocated into one of three arms: (1) a pay-it-forward arm in which men are offered free gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and then asked whether they would like to donate (“pay it forward”) toward testing for future testers; (2) a pay-what-you-want arm in which men are offered free testing and told to decide how much to pay after receiving the test; (3) a standard of care arm in which men can pay the full price for dual gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing. The primary outcome is dual gonorrhoea/chlamydia testing as verified by administrative records. Secondary outcomes include incremental cost per test, incremental cost per diagnosis, community connectedness, and social cohesion. Primary outcome will be calculated for each arm using intention-to-treat and compared using one-sided 95% confidence intervals with a margin of 20% increase defined as superiority. Discussion This study will examine the pay-it-forward strategy in comparison to the standard of care in improving test uptake for gonorrhea and chlamydia. We will leverage the cluster randomized controlled trial to provide scientific evidence on the potential effect of pay-it-forward. Findings from this study will shed light on novel intervention methods for increasing preventive health service utilization and innovate ways to finance it among communities. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03741725 . Registered on 12 November 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-019-0581-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.