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The fog computing concept was proposed to help cloud computing for the data processing of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, fog computing faces several challenges such as security, privacy, and storage. One way to address these challenges is to integrate blockchain with fog computing. There are several applications of blockchain-fog computing integration that have been proposed, recently, due to their lucrative benefits such as enhancing security and privacy. There is a need to systematically review and synthesize the literature on this topic of blockchain-fog computing integration. The purposes of integrating blockchain and fog computing were determined using a systematic literature review approach and tailored search criteria established from the research questions. In this research, 181 relevant papers were found and reviewed. The results showed that the authors proposed the combination of blockchain and fog computing for several purposes such as security, privacy, access control, and trust management. A lack of standards and laws may make it difficult for blockchain and fog computing to be integrated in the future, particularly in light of newly developed technologies like quantum computing and artificial intelligence. The findings of this paper serve as a resource for researchers and practitioners of blockchain-fog computing integration for future research and designs.

Fog nodes are implemented near to end‐users Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which mitigate the impact of low latency, location awareness, and geographic distribution unsupported features of many IoT applications. Moreover, Fog computing decreases the data offload into the Cloud, which decreases the response time. Despite these benefits, Fog computing faces many challenges in meeting security and privacy requirements. These challenges occur due to the limitations of Fog computing resources. In fact, Fog computing may add new security and privacy issues. Although many papers have discussed the Fog security and privacy issues recently, most of these papers have discussed these issues at a very high level. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of Fog privacy and security issue. In this survey, we review the literature on Fog computing to draw the state‐of‐the‐art of the security and privacy issues raised by Fog computing. The findings of this survey reveal that studying Fog computing is still in its infant stage. Many questions are yet to be answered to address the privacy and security challenges of Fog computing.

Agile software development performance depends on active communication. Active communication is an arduous task when agile teams are geographically distributed. Agile enterprise architecture was reported to enhance such active communication and performance. There is little empirical evidence on how agile enterprise architecture can enhance communication and performance of geographically distributed software development. This paper contributes to this research gap by empirically examining the relationships between agile enterprise architecture, active communication, and performance (on-time completion, on-budget completion, software functionality, and software quality). Using a quantitative data analysis approach, the PLS results of survey responses of 160 research participants suggest that agile enterprise architecture has positive effects on active communication, on-budget completion, functionality, and quality. The results also indicate that communication efficiency has positive effects on on-time and on-budget completion; while communication effectiveness has positive effects on functionality, quality, and on-budget completion. INDEX TERMS Agile software development, agile enterprise architecture, active communication, geographically distributed software development, partial least square.

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