In the city, the urban park contributes to the quality of citizen life in many ways, and the importance of the urban park as an urban planning facility is growing each day. In this study, evaluation of park service supply adequacy in Suwon-si, the difference in analysis methods, and the type of land use at urban park catchment area analysis were analyzed. As a result, there were remarkable differences between the two analysis methods. In Suwon-si, the catchment area by network analysis was only about 41% of catchment area by buffer analysis. However, when basic local authorities establish planning of parks and green areas, they use buffer analysis to calculate the park service area. It means that such calculations of urban park service areas may be wider than actually used. Also, because there were differences between urban park catchment areas by land use types, guidelines of planning parks and green areas will be adjusted. Although quantitative expansion of the park area is also important for the realization of green welfare, it is necessary to consider city characteristics such as the population size, population density, land use types, and so on.
As a self-proclaimed 'IT Power Nation', Korea has incorporated information technology at the core of its vision for future development. Already 'ubiquitous eco-cities', most notably Songdo and Sejong City, have been master-planned by the Korean national government and are well under construction as sustainable smart cities of the future. These ucities are defined as intelligent eco-friendly cities using advanced technologies to enhance the citizens' quality of life and city competitiveness. At the municipal level, Seoul, Korea's capital of more than 600 years of history, has adopted 'Smart Seoul' as a slogan since 2011. Interestingly, however, Seoul's mayor emphasizes communication and sharing as major aspects characterizing a smart city. In view of these different approaches, it is pertinent to question the definitions for these u-cities/smart cities and to examine the extent of their commonality as shown in relevant government initiatives and statements. The aim of this paper is to shed light on what is meant to be a smart and green city by critically examining the underlying premises of varying government perspectives. Using Songdo, Sejong City and Seoul as three case studies, the paper focuses, firstly, on the nexus of u-city and smart city definitions, and, secondly highlights the differing government discourses imbedded in their social, economic and environmental policies. Ultimately, the paper calls for a more integrated understanding and vision in government discourses regarding the smart city.
The importance of green spaces in the city is growing each day. Local governments are taking charge of park development works that are having difficulty in developing and managing urban parks due to high land value as well as a shortage in finances. This is even though an urban park is defined as an urban planning facility and the law provides park area per person. Civil residents, meanwhile, are using not only urban parks provided by law but also other green areas such as rivers, reservoirs, and school playgrounds because they recognize urban green areas by the concept of use. In this study, accordingly, urban green areas were sorted into two types, urban parks, parks provided by law, and other green areas, and the difference in use pattern and use satisfaction by type was analyzed. As a result of analysis, there was no remarkable difference between the two types. According to such results, it was found that it is necessary to include other green areas, such as rivers, reservoirs, school green areas, and apartment green areas in addition to the current park green areas provided by law when park area per person is calculated, and such calculation of urban green areas reflecting local characteristics can reduce local governments' financial burden and improve the effectiveness of future urban park policies. It is judged that such results can become a plan against the cancellation of unexecuted urban facilities. The fact that accessibility factors, such as road satisfaction, access convenience, and convenient movement, are affecting satisfaction with the use of urban parks suggests that it is important to improve urban park accessibilities rather than to quantitatively expand park area in order to improve satisfaction with urban parks. Considering that people travel to urban green areas mostly by walking, it is necessary for access convenience to conduct follow-up studies such as barrier-free and securing walking stability through analysis of routes to urban green areas.
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