Background Dental visits can provide education, prevention and treatment measures for teenagers, and help to form correct oral health knowledge and attitude. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of socio-demographic factors, dental status, oral health literacy, and health-related behaviors on dental visits in early 12-year-old adolescents. Methods 953 subjects aged 12 in Longhua district of Shenzhen were investigated. The questionnaire and clinical examination were applied in schools, and two-level logistic regression models were constructed to interpret the effect of individual and contextual factors on Shenzhen adolescents' dental visits. Results A total of 27.6% of the participants had not been to a dentist. After the multiple factors binary logistic regression analysis, it confirmed that the following variables: Shenzhen Hukou (OR 2.133, 95% CI 1.429–3.185), moderate caries (OR 1.404, 95% CI 1.022–1.928) and severe caries (OR 2.546, 95% CI 1.461–4.437), Angle Class II malocclusion (OR 1.703, 95% CI 1.134–2.556), sometimes or never toothbrushing (OR 2.985, 95% CI 1.491–5.975), dental floss usage (OR 1.829, 95% CI 1.250–2.677), having had a toothache within the last 12 months (OR 1.469, 95% CI 1.086–1.986), high knowledge attitude level (OR 1.570, 95% CI 1.106–2.229), moderate knowledge attitude level (OR 1.534, 95% CI 1.073–2.193), were associated factors for dental visit experience. Conclusions The dental visits of 12-year-old children in Longhua district of Shenzhen is affected by multi-dimensional factors. It is suggested that oral health education should be strengthened, good oral hygiene habits should be cultivated, and the needs and utilization of oral health services for non-Shenzhen Hukou adolescents should be paid attention to, so as to effectively improve the overall oral health level of adolescents.
Mouthwashes are used as oral care for critical care patients to prevent infections. However, there are conflicting data concerning whether mouthwashes are needed as a part of daily oral care for critical care patients. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of mouthwashes for critical care patients. The PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and grey literature databases were searched by descriptors combining population (intensive care unit patients) and intervention (mouthwashes). After the screening, only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects of mouthwashes in patient critical care were included. From the 1531 articles, 16 RCTs satisfied the eligibility criteria for systematic review and 10 were included in the meta-analyses. A significant difference was found in the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (odds ratio [OR] 0.53, 95% confidential interval [95% CI] 0.33 to 0.86) between the mouthwash and placebo groups, while no significant difference was found in the mortality (OR 1.49, 95%CI 0.92 to 2.40); the duration of mechanical ventilation (weighted mean difference [WMD] −0.10, 95%CI −2.01 to 1.81); and the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.34 to 2.30), Escherichia coli (OR 1.19, 95%CI 0.50 to 2.82), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR 1.16, 95%CI 0.27 to 4.91) between the two groups. In conclusion, mouthwashes were effective in decreasing the incidence of VAP. Thus, mouthwashes can be used as part of daily oral care for critical care patients.
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