ZSM-5 monolith foam (ZMF) samples with various framework Si/Al ratios have been successfully synthesized by polyurethane foam (PUF) template method and evaluated for their catalytic performance towards methanol to propylene (MTP) reaction. The samples were tested for their textural properties using SEM, XRD, BET surface area, pore volume and NH 3 -TPD techniques revealing the formation of ZMF exhibiting about 100-300 lm range macro pores created by packed assembly of 5 lm size orthorhombic shaped ZSM-5 crystals. The ZMF samples exhibited effective activity in methanol to olefin conversion, with superior product selectivities at optimum Si/Al ratio of 250. Further, the ZMF catalyst with high macro porosity exhibited superior catalytic activity compared to its pelletized form, especially at higher feed flow rates, that signifies the importance of macro porous structure of ZMF in facilitating the enhanced mass transport for the labile diffusion of light olefins. Reaction temperature also played a vital role in determining product selectivity. At 500°C, the catalysts exhibited the highest light olefin (C 2 = -C 4 = ) selectivity and above this temperature, formation of C 5? is prevailed at the cost of C 2 = -C 4 = revealing the accelerated occurrence of oligomerization reactions at these conditions. At optimized catalytic properties and reaction conditions, the catalyst exhibited as high as 75% selectivity to C 2 -C 4 olefins, with propylene as major component (*44%).

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The purposes of this study were to compare the perceived and actual 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to evaluate the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on perceived CVD risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Korea. Additionally, the attainment of CVD prevention guideline goals by 3 levels of CVD risk (low, moderate, and high) was presented.For this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 208 patients with RA. Actual CVD risk was estimated with the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), and goal attainment was assessed based on the European League Against Rheumatism guidelines. Actual CVD risk and perceived risk were compared with cross-tabulation. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences in cardiovascular risk factors by perceived risk. Levels of goal attainment were presented in percentages.Among patients with RA, 13.9% were identified as being at high risk for CVD, whereas 39.9% were at moderate risk, and 46.2% were at low risk. The majority of those at high risk (96.6%) underestimated their risk for CVD. The use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and having a parental history of CVD significantly increased the likelihood that subjects with RA would perceive themselves as being at high risk for CVD. Diabetes, smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity did not affect perceived risk. A substantial proportion of the subjects with RA did not meet the prevention guideline goals.Patients with RA who are at increased risk of developing CVD must be managed as soon as possible to attain the guideline goals and, accordingly, lower their risk of future CVD.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (Nox) has been shown to activate ADP‐ribosyl cyclase (ARC), which produces the Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger, cyclic ADP‐ribose (cADPR). In the present study, we examined how ROS activates cluster of differentiation (CD)38, a mammalian prototype of ARC. CD38 exists in type II and III forms with opposing membrane orientation. This study showed the coexpression of type II and III CD38 in lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells. The catalytic site of the constitutively active type II CD38 faces the outside of the cell or the inside of early endosomes (EEs), whereas the basally inactive type III CD38 faces the cytosol. Type III CD38 interacted with Nox4/phosphorylated‐p22phox (p‐p22phox) in EEs of LAK cells upon IL‐8 treatment. H2O2 derived from Nox4 activated type III CD38 by forming a disulfide bond between Cys164 and Cys177, resulting in increased cADPR formation. Our study identified the mechanism by which type III CD38 is activated in an immune cell (LAK), in which H2O2 generated by Nox4 oxidizes and activates type III CD38 to generate cADPR. These findings provide a novel model of cross‐talk between ROS and Ca2+ signaling.—Park, D.‐R., Nam, T.‐S., Kim, Y.‐W., Bae, Y. S., Kim, U.‐H. Oxidative activation of type III CD38 by NADPH oxidase–derived hydrogen peroxide in Ca2+ signaling. FASEB J. 33, 3404–3419 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org