Recently, attention is paid to conceptual aspects of STEM or particular usage of specific tools during STEM. This paper is devoted to systemize all digital tools used during STEM classes. It is proposed to systemize all equipment into instrumental, computer simulation, and modern ones (VR, AR, and AI and 3d-modelling). It is proved the dominant role of computer simulation and modern instruments during providing STEM classes due to their simplicity and absence of necessity of expensive equipment usage. Using any of the described tools do not guaranty providing STEM, but they can be used as an element of the STEM didactic approach.
The article is devoted to proposing a method of regulation of biogas installations dissemination using Shelford’s law. It is based on the hypothesis that there is some optimal amount, and on both sides around it, the sustainability of the process will decrease because of biogas production that can affect ecosystems both positively and negatively. It declared that in different countries Shelford’s law graph could be different due to differences in both natural and social conditions. It shows that nowadays some unsustainable experience is taking place (In the case of Germany, it is using useful recourses which have to be grown and in the case of Ukraine, these are low-efficiency technologies which can be harmful to the environment). It proposes approaches to provide more sustainable biogas production using modern technologies and strategic planning.
The comparative analysis of laws and regulations on air quality, air protection, and its monitoring in the EU and Ukraine has been carried out to analyse the state of the European Union – Ukraine Association Agreement. The main features of the strategic documents “Europe 2020” and “Ukraine 2020” air pollution control are discussed. The analysis of air quality monitoring regulations, air quality control methods, and peculiarities of citizens’ alerts in the EU and Ukrainian legislation is provided. It is proven that the methods approach to limiting pollutant values differs in Ukraine and the EU. EU uses limit value’, ‘target value’, alert threshold’, ‘information threshold’ and ‘critical level’ and Ukraine uses limiting values. The limit values/permissible concentrations of carbon dioxide, sulfur (IV) oxide (average daily value), and lead are stricter in Ukraine. However, the permissible concentrations of PM10, sulfur (IV) oxide (short-term value), Arsenic, Cadmium, and Nickel are much lighter in Ukraine than in the EU. The dioxin content in ambient air is not regulated in Ukrainian legislation. Also, citizens’ monitoring systems and data provision differ and should be harmonised for the EU’s standards. The current state of roadmap implementation is firstly presented. It is demonstrated the necessity to harmonise the Ukrainian law and regulations on air quality control and air protection with the EU law.
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