Providing anaerobic digestion is a prospective technology for utilizing organic waste, however, for waste with a high content of nitrogen such as manure, dilution is necessary to decrease the ammonia inhibition effect which leads to the production of a huge effluent amount which is difficult to use. Dry anaerobic digestion has some advantages such as reduced reactor volume, higher volumetric methane yield, lower energy consumption for heating, less wastewater production, and lower logistic costs for fertilizers. These factors generate interest in using it for treatment of even high-nitrogen substrates. The purpose of this work was to analyze different dry anaerobic digestion technologies, the features of dry anaerobic digestion, laboratory studies on chicken manure dry anaerobic digestion, and methods of reducing inhibitors’ effects. Nowadays, there are no dry anaerobic industrial plants working on chicken manure. However, studies on dry anaerobic digestion of chicken manure have proven the possibility of methane production under fermentation of chicken manure with high total solids content, but the process has been described as being unstable. Co-fermentation, ammonium/ammonia removal, and adaptation of the microbial consortium have been used to decrease the effect of ammonia inhibition. A prospective way for ammonia concentration control is absorption using a non-volatile sorbent located in the reactor. It decreases ammonia content during wet anaerobic digestion by 33% and it is characterized by having a positive economic effect. Therefore, dry anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure is possible, but there is still no efficient way to provide it. The results of this article should be helpful in the selection of anaerobic digestion technology for treating chicken manure.
Key words:ABSTRACT Methane fermentation Chicken manure Ammonia nitrogen Modeling Recirculation Liquid phaseIn the article an estimation of efficiency of a new method of regulation of ammonia nitrogen concentration during methane fermentation of chicken manure under conditions of liquid phase recirculation is presented. The essence of the method is the absorption of ammonia from the gas phase by non-volatile sorbent, which is located directly in the reactor, but not in contact with the substrate. The modeling of ammonium nitrogen concentration during the production of biogas from chicken manure in semi-continuous mode without ammonia removal and with ammonia removal was carried out. The results obtained in the research of removal of ammonium nitrogen from solutions of ammonium salt, which simulate a substrate with a high concentration of the inhibitor, in the periodic mode were used. Phosphoric acid was used as a sorbent, because it is able to react with ammonia, it is non-volatile, as a result of the reaction, a product that is useful for agriculture is formed. It is accepted that the process is carried out in the thermophilic mode at the temperature of 50°C, the substrate moisture content of 90%, and the hydraulic retention time of 5 and 10 days. The concentration of phosphoric acid was 4 mol/dm 3 . The pH of the medium is assumed to be 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5. The ratio of the area of the sorbent and the substrate was 1:4.6, and the diameter of the apparatus and the depth of the substrate -1:1.5. The maximum degree of the effluent recirculation of 60%, which was used in the modeling, corresponding of full replacement of water, that used to dilute the native chicken manure with moisture content of 75% to moisture content of 90%. Ammonia nitrogen content during liquid phase recirculation under certain conditions was lower than 3000 mg/dm 3 , which was taken as a safe level for biogas plant operation. The degree of removal of ammonia nitrogen can be significantly increased by changing the geometric dimensions of the biogas reactor, increasing the contact area of the sorbent with the gas phase and increasing the hydraulic retention time. According to the modeling results, the considered method is sufficiently effective for use in the conditions of liquid phase recirculation.
Quantity of the scientific materials in the field of biogas production is growing. Thus, it is actual to provide informational management of it. Previously text documents and not-interactive pictures were used to describe it. The approach to systematization of scientific information on the production of biogas based on the ontological IT platform of TODOS is developed. It is proposed to separate the semantic characteristics of each work for their further introduction it into the IT platform of the TODOS. To construct a system of ranking of previous studies, we have identified the semantic characteristics of scientific research devoted to the production of biogas from chicken manure. Temperature (°C), volume of reactor (l), chicken manure content (%), moisture content (%), active sludge content (%), final solids content (%), biogas production and methane (ml/g TS), methane content (%), year of the research, ammonium nitrogen content (mg/l), VFA (mg/l), pH is final, initial pH, minimum pH, maximum pH were used to create ontology management system of the previous researches devoted to biogas production. The characteristics of the microorganisms were used to create the ontology based system of the microorganism selection. Google sheets was used to create base of knowledge and previous researches. An ontological graph with a ranking function for previous
The article is devoted to proposing a method of regulation of biogas installations dissemination using Shelford’s law. It is based on the hypothesis that there is some optimal amount, and on both sides around it, the sustainability of the process will decrease because of biogas production that can affect ecosystems both positively and negatively. It declared that in different countries Shelford’s law graph could be different due to differences in both natural and social conditions. It shows that nowadays some unsustainable experience is taking place (In the case of Germany, it is using useful recourses which have to be grown and in the case of Ukraine, these are low-efficiency technologies which can be harmful to the environment). It proposes approaches to provide more sustainable biogas production using modern technologies and strategic planning.
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