There is little documentation of bamboo species diversity and distribution in the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. This study aimed to provide information on the diversity and distribution of Maluku’s bamboo species. The research was conducted in March‒April 2021 at the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), National Research and Innovation Agency. Herbarium specimens of bamboo in BO collected from the Maluku Islands (Provinces of Maluku and North Maluku) were studied alongside online scanned images of herbarium specimens. Bamboo species were re-identified and validated. A literature study was conducted to enrich the data. A distribution map of bamboo species in the Maluku Islands was compiled. Data were analyzed and presented descriptively. We built an identification key for the bamboo species in the Maluku Islands. There are 16 species and eight genera of bamboo in the Maluku Islands: Bambusa glaucophylla, B. maculata, B. multiplex, B. spinosa, B. tuldoides, B. vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa atter, G. robusta, Neololeba amahussana, N. atra, Phyllostachys aurea, Racemobambos ceramica, Schizostachyum brachycladum, S. lima, and Thyrsostachys siamensis. These bamboo species were found across Maluku Province (Buru, Ambon, Seram, Kei Kecil, Kei Besar, Yamdena, and Tanimbar) and North Maluku Province (Ternate, Tidore, Halmahera, Obi, and Sula) at an altitude of 1‒1100 m above sea level in primary and secondary forests, limestone, peatland edges, city parks, and gardens.
The genus Pycnoporus is a member of Phylum Basidiomycota. This fungus is one of polypore genera that is easily recognized from the orange color of the fruiting body and it likely has high morphological features. Currently, there are 207 number fungal specimens kept in Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) under the genus Pycnoporus, and they were identified as P. sa-nguineus (L.) Murrill, P. cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst., and Pycnoporus sp. To ensure that those species name of the Pycnoporus collections is correct, thus this study was carried out. Re-identification process on the fungal collections was done based on macro-micromorphological features of all Pycnoporus specimens. This study revealed that species Pycnoporus collections stored in BO represent 2 species: P.sanguineus (L.) Murrill and P. puniceus (Fr.) Ryvarden. In addition, some specimens under the name P. cinnabarinus should be validated as P. puniceus. This information will be very useful for fungal taxonomists, non-taxonomists, and people who work on Pycnoporus species from Indonesia.
The taxonomic status of Javanese Strobilanthes has been revised by Bennett and Scotland (2003). However, the results of the validation of the Javanese Acanthaceae by Girmansyah (2014) show that several Strobilanthes species, especially those endemic to Java, need to be revised. Because they have become synonymous. Conservation status of Javanese endemic Strobilanthes was carried out according to the IUCN Red list Categories and Criteria.
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