Exploring the interaction between two neighbouring monomers has great potential to significantly raise the performance and deepen the mechanistic understanding of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate that the synergetic interaction between neighbouring Pt monomers on MoS greatly enhanced the CO hydrogenation catalytic activity and reduced the activation energy relative to isolated monomers. Neighbouring Pt monomers were achieved by increasing the Pt mass loading up to 7.5% while maintaining the atomic dispersion of Pt. Mechanistic studies reveal that neighbouring Pt monomers not only worked in synergy to vary the reaction barrier, but also underwent distinct reaction paths compared with isolated monomers. Isolated Pt monomers favour the conversion of CO into methanol without the formation of formic acid, whereas CO is hydrogenated stepwise into formic acid and methanol for neighbouring Pt monomers. The discovery of the synergetic interaction between neighbouring monomers may create a new path for manipulating catalytic properties.

Lithium metal is an ideal electrode material for future rechargeable lithium metal batteries. However, the widespread deployment of metallic lithium anode is significantly hindered by its dendritic growth and low Coulombic efficiency, especially in ester solvents. Herein, by rationally manipulating the electrolyte solvation structure with a high donor number solvent, enhancement of the solubility of lithium nitrate in an ester‐based electrolyte is successfully demonstrated, which enables high‐voltage lithium metal batteries. Remarkably, the electrolyte with a high concentration of LiNO3 additive presents an excellent Coulombic efficiency up to 98.8 % during stable galvanostatic lithium plating/stripping cycles. A full‐cell lithium metal battery with a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode exhibits a stable cycling performance showing limited capacity decay. This approach provides an effective electrolyte manipulation strategy to develop high‐voltage lithium metal batteries.

Transmission of MRSA among dialysis patients, HCWs and their family members in a dialysis unit could be inferred. Monitoring and eradication of MRSA from patients, HCWs and their family members should be considered to prevent continuous spread between healthcare facilities and the community.

The surface morphology of Li metal anode significantly dictates the stability and safety of Li metal batteries. The key parameters for morphological control and causes for dendritic growth of Li anode are still not clear. Although the plating kinetics is generally believed to be associated with Li growth habits, the detailed models are still not well defined. In this work, the temperature effect on the stability and efficiency of Li anode is systematically investigated in a variety of electrolyte composition for Li metal batteries. A dendrite‐free growth mechanism is observed, and a high Coulombic efficiency up to ≈99.4% in Li||Cu cells is achieved by tuning the deposition behaviors at elevated temperatures. The results provide insights into the Li dendrite growth mechanism and general principle for developing stable Li anode.

The issues of inherent low anodic stability and high flammability hinder the deployment of the etherbased electrolytes in practical high-voltage lithium metal batteries. Here, we report a rationally designed etherbased electrolyte with chlorine functionality on ether molecular structure to address these critical challenges. The chloroether-based electrolyte demonstrates a high Li Coulombic efficiency of 99.2 % and a high capacity retention > 88 % over 200 cycles for Ni-rich cathodes at an ultrahigh cut-off voltage of 4.6 V (stable even up to 4.7 V). The chloroether-based electrolyte not only greatly improves electrochemical stabilities of Ni-rich cathodes under ultrahigh voltages with interphases riched in LiF and LiCl, but possesses the intrinsic nonflammable safety feature owing to the flame-retarding ability of chlorine functional groups. This study offers a new approach to enable ether-based electrolytes for high energy density, long-life and safe Li metal batteries.

ion batteries (LIBs), which significantly hinders the technology adoption rate. The energy density of SIBs is greatly limited by the anode material, [10] for example, the conventional anode, hard carbon, can only provide a specific capacity of ≈250 mAh g −1 . Sodium metal is an ideal alternative of the anode materials for SIBs due to its relatively high theoretical specific capacity (1166 mAh g −1 ) and low redox potential (−2.71 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). [11][12][13][14][15] Typical sodium metal batteries, such as sodium-sulfur and sodium-oxygen batteries, have ultrahigh theoretical energy densities of 1274 and 1605 Wh kg −1 , respectively, which are 10 times higher than that of the SIBs (120 Wh kg −1 ). [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Applications of Li metal anode have been hindered by the scarcity and uneven distribution of Li resource. Benefiting from the wide distribution of Na resource, it is possible to design high power, high energy density and low-cost sodium-based batteries by "enhanced cathode materials," [24] "electrolyte design" [25] and sodium metal anode protection.Although the sodium metal anode holds promising potential for providing high energy density, its practical applications are encountered with several essential challenges, such as dendritic growth and side reactions, thus leading to serious safety issues and short battery life. To overcome these problems, tremendous efforts have been devoted to suppressing the sodium dendrite growth and enhancing the Coulombic efficiency (CE) of sodium metal anode. A variety of strategies have been proposed to improve the reversibility and cycling stability, including the utilization of 3D current collectors, manipulation of artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and development of stable electrolyte solvation structure. For example, the 3D metal skeletons, [26,27] carbon-based materials, [28][29][30][31][32] and pillared Mxene [33] have been used as current collectors for sodium metal anode, which successfully change the sodium plating/stripping behaviors and achieve better cycling performances by reducing the local current densities at the electrode surface. However, the direct consequences for using 3D current collectors include the introduction of voids and additional weight of inactive materials and the sacrifice of the first cycle CE caused by increased anode surface area. The utilization of artificial SEI is another common strategy to physically suppress the Na dendrite and increase the CE of sodium anode. [34][35][36][37][38][39] Nevertheless, it is still challenging to design suitable artificial SEI because of the large size of the Sodium metal batteries have attracted rapidly rising attention due to their low cost and high energy densities. However, the instability and low efficiency of metallic sodium anodes pose significant concerns for their practical applications. Here a highly stable sodium metal anode enabled by an etherbased electrolyte is reported, which exhibits a long-term stable cycling up to 400 cycles and achie...

Unmet dental needs and caries experience indices remain high in CSHCN, regardless of the types and severity of disability. However, the younger the age at which CSHCN received their first dental treatment, the more effective the dental rehabilitation was. Parental education regarding early dental intervention and a preventive approach for enhanced oral care is mandatory.

Transition metal sulfides hold promising potentials as Li‐free conversion‐type cathode materials for high energy density lithium metal batteries. However, the practical deployment of these materials is hampered by their poor rate capability and short cycling life. In this work, the authors take the advantage of hollow structure of CuS nanoboxes to accommodate the volume expansion and facilitate the ion diffusion during discharge–charge processes. As a result, the hollow CuS nanoboxes achieve excellent rate performance (≈371 mAh g−1 at 20 C) and ultra‐long cycle life (>1000 cycles). The structure and valence evolution of the CuS nanobox cathode are identified by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the lithium storage mechanism is revealed by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and operando Raman spectroscopy for the initial charge–discharge process and the following reversible processes. These results suggest that the hollow CuS nanobox material is a promising candidate as a low‐cost Li‐free cathode material for high‐rate and long‐life lithium metal batteries.