Defect-rich and ultrathin N doped carbon nanosheets exhibited low overpotentials and robust stability for simultaneous ORR, OER and HER.

We report the chemical intercalation of Li+ into the interlayer of V2O5·nH2O with enlarged layer spacing and fast Zn2+ diffusion, resulting in high rate capability and excellent long-term cycling performance.

Exploring the interaction between two neighbouring monomers has great potential to significantly raise the performance and deepen the mechanistic understanding of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate that the synergetic interaction between neighbouring Pt monomers on MoS greatly enhanced the CO hydrogenation catalytic activity and reduced the activation energy relative to isolated monomers. Neighbouring Pt monomers were achieved by increasing the Pt mass loading up to 7.5% while maintaining the atomic dispersion of Pt. Mechanistic studies reveal that neighbouring Pt monomers not only worked in synergy to vary the reaction barrier, but also underwent distinct reaction paths compared with isolated monomers. Isolated Pt monomers favour the conversion of CO into methanol without the formation of formic acid, whereas CO is hydrogenated stepwise into formic acid and methanol for neighbouring Pt monomers. The discovery of the synergetic interaction between neighbouring monomers may create a new path for manipulating catalytic properties.

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High-entropy alloys (HEAs), which are defined as near-equimolar alloys of five or more elements, are attracting ever increasing attention because of the unique properties in a variety of applications. Recently, HEAs have already exhibited remarkable catalytic performance toward several thermal-driven and electrocatalytic reactions. HEAs not only regulate the electronic and geometric structures to a large degree but also serve as a platform to construct catalysts with unexpected performance. Herein, recent advances regarding HEA-based catalysis are systematically summarized, with a special focus on the synthetic methods for HEA-based catalysts, catalytic performance, and mechanistic understanding. Moreover, the challenges and future opportunities for this research area are carefully discussed. A series of open questions and promising directions to be explored are proposed, including synthetic methods, regulation of electronic properties, identification of active centers, and applications into photocatalysis. This Review provides an overview about the progress, challenges, and opportunities for HEA-based catalysis.