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A novel evaporative cooling system, in which the hollow fibre module constitutes as the humidifier and evaporative cooler, is proposed. With the aim to avoid the flow channelling or shielding of adjacent fibres the fibres inside each bundle were made into a spindle shape to allow maximum contact between the air stream and the fibres. This novel hollow fibre integrated evaporative cooling system will provide a comfortable indoor environment for hot and dry area. Moreover, the water vapour can permeate through the hollow fibre effectively, and the liquid water droplets will be prevented from mixing with the processed air. Under various inlet air dry bulb temperatures (27•C, 30•C, 33•C, 36•C and 39•C), and various inlet air relative humidity (23%, 32% and 40%), the cooling performances of the proposed novel evaporative cooling system were experimentally investigated. The variations of outlet air dry bulb temperature, wet bulb effectiveness, dew point effectiveness and cooling capacity with respect to different incoming air dry bulb temperature were studied. The effects of various incoming air Reynolds number on the heat and mass transfer coefficients, heat flux and mass flux across Re Reynolds number Sh Sherwood number Sc Schmidt number T Temperature (˚C) U Overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m 2 K) V Volumetric flow rate of the incoming air, m 3 /h; Q Sensible cooling capacity (W)

Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is widely recognized as a viable solution for large-scale grid integrated renewable energy systems in terms of load levelling to solve/minimize the intermittency effect of renewable energy systems especially with increased penetration of renewables to the grid. This study assesses the economic value of adding compressed air energy storage (CAES) plant to a renewable energy system and how this impacts the overall financial appeal of the system at hand, taking Egyptian grid as a case in point. Numerical modelling using MATLAB was performed to analyse the benefits of adding a CAES system to planned wind farms in Egypt by 2020 for both load-levelling as well as optimizing economic benefit. The results show that the addition of a CAES system would increase the profitability for the new Tariff for wind systems set by the Egyptian government with a NPV of $306m compared to a NPV of $207m of a stand-alone wind system at the end of 25 years of operation. Also, the economic benefits increase if the government provides subsidies for new installations of renewable energy systems, or by lowering the interest rates.