a b s t r a c tPresent wind power is intermittent and cannot be used as the baseload energy source. Concept study of wind power utilizing direct thermal energy conversion and thermal energy storage named Wind powered Thermal Energy System (WTES) is conducted. The thermal energy is generated from the rotating energy directly at the top of the tower by the heat generator, which is a kind of simple and light electric brake. The rest of the system is the same as the tower type concentrated solar power (CSP). The cost estimation suggests that the energy cost of WTES is less than that of the conventional wind power, which must be supported by the backup thermal plants and grid enhancement. The light heat generator reduces some issues of wind power such as noise and vibration.
The forced convection heat transfer coefficients were measured on a horizontal flat plate heater located on inner wall of a rectangular duct for pressures from 1 atm to 2.8 atm, flow velocities up to 2.1 m/s and for liquid temperatures from 1.8 to 6.5 K. Critical heat fluxes (CHFs) in He II under subcritical and supercritical pressures are higher for higher flow velocity and lower liquid temperature. In He I under supercritical pressures, there are two distinct ranges in heat transfer curves. The curve for lower heat flux range has a steeper gradient and the curve for higher heat flux has a lower gradient like film boiling regime. The peak heat fluxes of the former curves are treated as pseudo CHFs in this study and compared with the CHFs for He II.
He II is expected as a coolant for superconducting magnets that realizes the downsizing and the large capacitization. Knowledge on cooling stability of a superconducting coil is important for the design of superconducting magnets. The stability test of a small test coil using a superconducting wire wound 33 times on a stainless steel bobbin of 10 cm in diameter was performed. The wire was a 0.80 mm-diameter NbTi composite wire with the copper ratio of 6.5, and with PYF insulation film on the surface. The test coil was installed in a superconducting magnet that impressed magnetic field to the test part. A 0.30 mm diameter Manganin wire was non-inductively wound around the superconducting wire as a• heater to induce a pulsewise local thermal disturbance at the center of the bobbin. Voltage-taps and a RU02 thermometer were attached on the positions shown in Fig. I(a). Experiments were performed by the following way. After setting up the fixed magnetic field and the constant CUlTent to the specimen, the heater generated the thermal disturbance and it caused a bud of normal transition. The cooling stability was studied by measuring the voltage-taps and the temperature signals along the windings of the coil. The stability limits were obtained for magnetic fields from 1.1 T to 6.7 T and bulk liquid temperatures from 1.8 K to 4.2 K at atmospheric pressure. Fig. I shows the results of the resistivity between each taps (Fig. I(b)) and the RU02 temperature (Fig. I(c)) at the liquid temperature of 1.8 K, magnetic flux density of 3.3 8 T, the test coil CUlTent of 200 A and the heat input of 73 mJ
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