Studies were carried out to elucidate the chemical nature of the desmutagenic factor of Burdock (Arctium lappa Linne), Which is shown to be a complex polymer having a molecular weight of about 300,000.5) Its desmutagenic effects are demonstrated on indirect mutagens such as Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2, as well as on direct mutagens such as 2-nitro-l,4-diamino benzene and 4nitro-l,2-diamino benzene. The present findings suggest that this factor is not a protein because of the low content of nitrogen and the non-color reaction of its hydrolysate with ninhydrin. The desmutagenic factor probably possesses carboxyl groups as indicated by a 13C-NMRspectrum, potentiometric titration and analysis of its pyrolysates. This analysis of the factor's pyrolysates and its reductive degradation substances on the GC-massspectrum provided evidence that the factor also has an aromatic ring as a basic structure. The factor may be a lignin-like compoundhaving a 10% sugar content. Desmutagens are defined as agents inactivating mutagens through direct reactions.2) Wewere first able to show that many kinds of vegetables possess desmutagenic activities on pyrolysate mutagens derived from heated proteinous food or amino acids.1?2) In the cases of cabbage and broccoli, peroxidases were iden
Synopsis The surface configuration of the skin, as characterized by surface furrows and plateaux, is known to change with ageing and skin condition. There have been many attempts to analyse the surface configuration in order to evaluate the effect of skin care products. However, the systems proposed up to now are insufficient to obtain three-dimensional data. A system based on image analysis and Fourier transformation has been developed. By using this system, we can make a quick and quantitative analysis of the three-dimensional surface configuration of the skin. This system was applied to measure changes in the surface configuration with ageing, and to clarify the effects of cosmetic cream. As a result, it was found that the furrows become less clear, become parallel in one direction and the texture becomes coarse and irregular, as ageing continues. These changes are believed to correspond to deterioration of the metabolic and moisturizing functions of the skin. It was also found that the furrows become clear and the texture becomes finer after the application of cream than before. This is believed to be the result of the improvement of the skin condition due to the moisturizing effect of the cream.
In water soluble substances obtained by water extraction from human skin surface, free glycerol was detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A selected ion monitoring method was employed to measure low concentration of free glycerol and the mean amounts were found to be about 0.7 microgram cm-2 on the cheek and 0.2 microgram cm-2 on the forearm and sole.
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