SummaryAlthough hesperidin lowers serum total cholesterol (TC) or triglyceride (TG) in animal models, its effect in humans remains unclear. Using a soluble hesperidin derivative, glucosyl hesperidin (G-hesperidin), as a hesperidin source, we examined the efficacy on hyperlipidemic subjects. G-Hesperidin was administered to the subjects at 100 or 500mg/d for 6wk. The percentage of subjects who had a change in serum cholesterol levels was less than 20%. However, 45-55% of the total subjects showed a reduction in serum TG level. The subjects were classified into normal (TC<230mg/dL, TG<150mg/dL), high-TC (TC>230mg/dL, TG<150mg/dL) and high-TG (TG>150mg/dL) types. While serum cho lesterol levels scarcely changed in any phenotype, TG level was significantly reduced by administration in the high-TG type. In this phenotype, serum apolipoprotein (apo) C-II and E levels decreased by the administration, but non-apo B. G-Hesperidin also raised low-den sity lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterollapo B in the high-TG type. These results indicate that G hesperidin preferentially lowers serum TG in hypertriglyceridemic subjects and that this effect is possibly caused by the facilitation of catabolism of TG-rich lipoproteins and may contribute to the reduction of small dense LDL.
Patients with SBI were ranked at moderate risk of neurological complications after CABG between control and BI. Increased age, renal dysfunction, and preoperative cognitive impairment appeared to be strongly associated with SBI.
Although the optimal setting for this electrical preconditioning should be determined in future studies, the results suggest that epidural electrical stimulation will be a useful approach to provide spinal protection against ischemia.
The authors clarified that certain features such as age, persistent preoperative shock, and greater amounts of transfusion associated with greater blood loss and anemia were factors affecting the mortality in patients undergoing emergency surgery for AAAs. It might be of great importance to correct preoperative shock and anemia caused by massive bleeding before the onset of hemodynamic deterioration.
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