Objective. To determine whether arterial wall thickening is advanced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared with healthy controls by measuring the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid and femoral arteries, and to evaluate the factors associated with arterial IMT in patients with RA.Methods. We studied 138 RA patients and 94 healthy controls (matched for age, sex, and other major risk factors for atherosclerosis). Conclusion. RA patients exhibited greater thickness of the common carotid and femoral arteries than healthy controls. The duration and severity of RA and decreased activities of daily living, but not corticosteroid treatment, were independently associated with the increased arterial wall thickness.

Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism affects 5-15% of the general population and is associated with increased morbidity from cardiovascular disease. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a parameter of arterial stiffening and a good independent predictor for the presence of coronary artery disease. This study was performed to assess whether subclinical hypothyroidism might cause enhanced baPWV.Patients and Methods: baPWV was examined in subclinical hypothyroid patients (n ϭ 50) and normal control subjects (n ϭ 50).Results: Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), a main risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and baPWV were both significantly higher in subclinical hypothyroid patients than normal subjects. baPWV was significantly positively correlated with age and systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure and significantly negatively correlated with pulse rate in both subclinical hypothyroid patients and normal subjects. In contrast, there was no significant correlation of baPWV with free T 3 , free T 4 , TSH, total, high-density lipoprotein-and low-density lipoproteincholesterol, and the preejection time to ejection time ratio. A comparison of individual values of baPWV and DBP and regression slopes in two groups revealed that baPWV values increase to a larger extent than the increase in DBP in subclinical hypothyroid patients. In both groups, stepwise regression analysis showed a significant and independent association of DBP with baPWV. Conclusions:The present study demonstrated significant increases of baPWV and DBP in subclinical hypothyroid patients. Furthermore, the results suggest that increased DBP might be one of the main factors responsible for increased arterial stiffening in subclinical hypothyroid patients.

This study demonstrated that L-T4 treatment might have the potential to reverse the progression of atherosclerosis in hypothyroid patients. Furthermore, it suggests that increased levels of LDL cholesterol and the total/HDL cholesterol ratio have an important role in the increased common carotid intima-media thickness in hypothyroid patients.

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Objective: This study examined whether levothyroxine (L-T 4 ) replacement might affect serum markers of endothelium injury, including von Willebrand factor (vWF), factor VIII activity and thrombomodulin (TM), during normalization of increased intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery (CCA) in hypothyroid patients after L-T 4 replacement therapy. Patients and methods: Thirty-three hypothyroid patients were examined for vWF, factor VIII, TM and CCA IMT before and after 1 year of normalization of thyroid function by L-T 4 replacement. CCA IMT was measured from digitized still images taken during scanning by high-resolution ultrasonography as an indicator of early atherosclerosis. Results: Serum factor VIII and vWF increased significantly during 1 year of normalization of thyroid function (from 122.7^9.4 to 151.3^18.8% (P , 0.05) and from 109.9^9.6 to 135.2^12.4% (P , 0.005) respectively), although these values all fell within the respective normal range. Serum TM, in contrast, did not change appreciably in response to L-T 4 treatment, moving from 2.57^0.15 to 2.74^0.18 ng/ml (P ¼ 0.086). During 1 year of a euthyroid state, all patients showed a significant decrease in CCA IMT (P , 0.0001). Change in serum vWF, but not in factor VIII or TM, showed a positive correlation with that of CCA IMT during L-T 4 replacement therapy. Furthermore, the change in serum vWF was significantly and independently associated with change in CCA IMT (r ¼ 0.490, P ¼ 0.0038).Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the improvement of CCA IMT during L-T 4 treatment might have the potential to attenuate an elevation of vWF and to attenuate vascular injury by the cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormone in hypothyroid patients. 150 125-131 European Journal of Endocrinology

The present study suggests that CR affects mitochondrial function and redox state through a pathway distinct from GH signaling.