Objective: This study was performed to investigate the difference in the serum-cholesterol-and triglyceridelowering activities between phytosterols dissolved in diacylglycerol (PSaDG) and dispersed in triacylglycerol (PSaTG). The effects of the solvent on the concentrations of serum b-sitosterol and campesterol were examined. Design: The study had a randomised crossover design. Subjects: Twelve healthy normocholesterolemic or moderately hypercholesterolemic men aged 29 ± 50 y participated in this study. Interventions: For 2 weeks before the test period (designated as the control period), all subjects consumed control mayonnaise (PS free) daily with supper and were randomly assigned to two groups for the 2 week test period; one group was given mayonnaise containing PS (500 mgaday) dissolved in DG (10 gaday), and the other mayonnaise containing PS (500 mgaday) dispersed in TG (10 gaday). After a wash out period consuming control PS-free mayonnaise for 4 weeks, the groups were reversed for 2 weeks. Results: PSaTG feeding had no effect on the serum cholesterol level. In contrast, PSaDG feeding signi®cantly reduced the total and LDL cholesterol levels from the initial value of 5.57 to 5.31 mmolal (4.7%; P`0.05) and from 3.69 to 3.39 mmolal (7.6%; P`0.05), respectively. Moreover, the degree of total cholesterol reduction induced by PSaDG feeding in the test period was signi®cantly greater than that induced by PSaTG feeding (P`0.05). In addition, the serum b-sitosterol and campesterol concentrations did not change during the PSaTG or PSaDG feeding periods. Conclusions: Dissolution of PS in DG had a better serum cholesterol lowering effect than dissolution in TG.
Mesophyll protoplasts were isolated from leaves of in vitro grown patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). The protoplasts were encapsulated in alginate beads, approximately 2-3 x 103 protoplasts per 25 gl bead. Successful colony formation was induced when the protoplast beads were inoculated into a liquid medium supplemented with 10 -6 M NAA and 10 -5 M BA. The frequency of colony formation was improved greatly by the inclusion of several beads per ml medium. To induce high colony formation for a single bead, it was essential to culture protoplasts in the presence of nurse beads containing actively-growing cells of the same species. Rapid regeneration of plants from protoplast-derived calluses was accomplished by a two-step culture procedure with liquid and then solid media. Gas-chromatographic analyses showed that regenerated plants produced an essential oil comprising a full-set of patchouli sesquiterpenes.
The effects of components of the medium on the production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) by cultured cells of Polianthes tuberosa (tuberose) were studied.Optlm~tion of media components culturing in flask resulted in increasing EPS Ix~luetion from 1.4 to 4.1 g/l. In particular, relatively high concentration (10-SM) of 2,4-di,~lol~phen~ acid (2,4-D) markedly stin~dat,-d thepmducti~ of EPS. Basedou these results, EPS production by a 30-1jar fennentor was attempted and the final rate of production was 4.6 g/l at 30th day of culture. The EPS consisted mainly of acidic polys~c~ha~ides with glucuronic acid, rim,nose, arabinose, galactose, glucose and xylose.
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