Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic or accelerated phase resistant to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review summarizes the mode of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of omacetaxine mepesuccinate. Omacetaxine mepesuccinate has activity in chronic myeloid leukemia, especially in the chronic phase, regardless of the presence of ABL1 kinase domain mutations. Omacetaxine mepesuccinate has distinct but manageable adverse events profile. Omacetaxine mepesuccinate is a treatment option for a subset of patients with refractory chronic myeloid leukemia.

Objective Adolescents living in Israel and the Palestinian authority are exposed to political violence. This review examines psychosocial risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) organized within an ecological framework. Method Relevant articles were identified through PubMed and PsycINFO. Studies measuring risk and/or protective factors for PTSD in the Palestinian and/or Israeli adolescent populations due to conflict exposure from 1990 to present were included. Results A total of 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Greater violence exposure, poor economic resources, living in rural compared to urban areas, poor family and peer relations and poor coping skills were associated with PTSD symptoms. Conclusions The ecological framework is a useful approach to understanding factors affecting adolescent PTSD. Future research should focus on socio-ecological levels that have received limited attention.

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is one of the most common bacterial opportunistic infections in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Mycobacterium avium complex infections are caused by either M. avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare, which are nontuberculous mycobacterial species. Mycobacterium avium complex is prevalent in soil, water, and animals in the environment. Mycobacterium avium complex infections are commonly seen in persons with CD4 counts less than 50 cells/μL and are the most common cause of disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by MAC, however, remains uncommon in PLWH, with few cases reported in the literature (Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:557–565; Infect Dis Clin Pract. 2001;10:17–20). We present a case of vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to MAC in a person with human immunodeficiency virus and compare 10 other cases reported in the literature. Our case also highlights the importance of resuming secondary MAC prophylaxis when CD4 counts decline below 100 cells/μL in PLWH.