Abstract-Enormous amounts of dynamic observation and measurement data are collected from sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as environmental monitoring. However, continuous transmission of the sensed data requires high energy consumption. Data transmission between sensor nodes and cluster heads (sink nodes) consumes much higher energy than data sensing in WSNs. One way of reducing such energy consumption is to minimise the number of data transmissions. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Method for Data Reduction (AM-DR). Our method is based on a convex combination of two decoupled Least-Mean-Square (LMS) windowed filters with differing sizes for estimating the next measured values both at the source and the sink node such that sensor nodes have to transmit only their immediate sensed values that deviate significantly (with a pre-defined threshold) from the predicted values. The conducted experiments on a real-world data show that our approach has been able to achieve up to 95% communication reduction while retaining a high accuracy (i.e. predicted values have a deviation of ±0.5 from real data values).

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic will be remembered as one of the defining events of the 21st century. The rapid global outbreak has had significant impacts on human society and is already responsible for millions of deaths. Understanding and tackling the impact of the virus has required a worldwide mobilisation and coordination of scientific research. The COVID-19 Data Portal (https://www.covid19dataportal.org/) was first released as part of the European COVID-19 Data Platform, on April 20th 2020 to facilitate rapid and open data sharing and analysis, to accelerate global SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research. The COVID-19 Data Portal has fortnightly feature releases to continue to add new data types, search options, visualisations and improvements based on user feedback and research. The open datasets and intuitive suite of search, identification and download services, represent a truly FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) resource that enables researchers to easily identify and quickly obtain the key datasets needed for their COVID-19 research.

Data owners are creating an ever richer set of information resources online, and these are being used for more and more applications. Spatial data on the Web is becoming ubiquitous and voluminous with the rapid growth of location-based services, spatial technologies, dynamic location-based data and services published by different organizations. However, the heterogeneity and the peculiarities of spatial data, such as the use of different coordinate reference systems, make it difficult for data users, Web applications, and services to discover, interpret and use the information in the large and distributed system that is the Web. To make spatial data more effectively available, this paper summarizes the work of the joint W3C/OGC Working Group on Spatial Data on the Web that identifies 14 best practices for publishing spatial data on the Web. The paper extends that work by presenting the identified challenges and rationale for selection of the recommended best practices, framed by the set of principles that guided the selection. It describes best practices that are employed to enable publishing, discovery and retrieving (querying) spatial data on the Web, and identifies some areas where a best practice has not yet emerged.

Network-enabled sensing and actuation devices are key enablers to connect real-world objects to the cyber world. The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of the network-enabled devices and communication technologies that allow connectivity and integration of physical objects (Things) into the digital world (Internet). Enormous amounts of dynamic IoT data are collected from Internet-connected devices. IoT data is usually multi-variant streams that are heterogeneous, sporadic, multi-modal and spatio-temporal. IoT data can be disseminated with di erent granularities and have diverse structures, types and qualities. Dealing with the data deluge from heterogeneous IoT resources and services imposes new challenges on indexing, discovery and ranking mechanisms that will allow building applications that require on-line access and retrieval of ad-hoc IoT data. However, the existing IoT data indexing and discovery approaches are complex or centralised which hinders their scalability. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a holistic overview of the state-of-the-art on indexing, discovery and ranking of IoT data. The paper aims to pave the way for researchers to design, develop, implement and evaluate techniques and approaches for on-line large-scale distributed IoT applications and services.

The Internet of Things (IoT) concept has attracted a lot of attention from the research and innovation community for a number of years already. One of the key drivers for this hype towards the IoT is its applicability to a plethora of different application domains. However, infrastructures enabling experimental assessment of IoT solutions are scarce. Being able to test and assess the behavior and the performance of any piece of technology (i.e., protocol, algorithm, application, service, etc.) under real-world circumstances is of utmost importance to increase the acceptance and reduce the time to market of these innovative developments. This paper describes the federation of eleven IoT deployments from heterogeneous application domains (e.g., smart cities, maritime, smart building, crowd-sensing, smart grid, etc.) with over 10,000 IoT devices overall which produce hundreds of thousands of observations per day. The paper summarizes the resources that are made available through a cloud-based platform. The main contributions from this paper are twofold. In the one hand, the insightful summary of the federated data resources are relevant to the experimenters that might be seeking for an experimental infrastructure to assess their innovations. On the other hand, the identification of the challenges met during the testbed integration process, as well as the mitigation strategies that have been implemented to face them, are of interest for testbed providers that can be considering to join the federation.

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Large volumes of real-world observation and measurement data are collected from sensory devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks. IoT data is often generated in highly distributed and dynamic environments. Continuous transmission of large volumes of data collected between sensor and head/sink nodes induces a high communication cost for individual nodes. This results in a significant increase in the overall energy cost for IoT applications such as environmental monitoring. Decreasing data transmission between nodes can effectively reduce energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime, especially in battery-powered nodes/networks. In this paper, we describe an Adaptive Method for Data Reduction (AM-DR), a data reduction approach for reducing the overall data transmission and communication between sensor nodes in IoT networks such that fine-grained sensor readings can be used to reconstruct the original data within a user-defined accuracy boundary. Evaluation with real-world data shows that AM-DR achieves a communication reduction in some scenarios up to 95% while retaining a high prediction accuracy. To fully achieve the energy savings enabled by AM-DR, we provide a communication cost model. The proposed model is also integrated into the LEACH protocol to demonstrate how our proposed approach reduces energy consumption and effectively prolongs the network lifetime.

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