The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-tubercular activity of Brazilin and to know the role of iron chelation on the anti-tuberculosis activity of Brazilin. Anti-tuberculosis activity in vitro was tested through MIC values and a reduction in the number of Mtb bacterial cells. The MIC and MBC tests utilized extent technique comprising four treatment groups; the positive control (Lowenstein-Jensen medium inoculated with Mtb), the negative control (LJ medium), the anti-tuberculosis drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and streptomycin), and Brazilin at concentration 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, and 1024 ppm that were watched for about eight weeks. The iron chelation capability was assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the MIC from Brazilin is 128 ppm and MBC of 256 ppm. Brazilin at 128 ppm showed iron chelation of 32.96% capacity and can reduce up to 72% Mtb cells in 10 -3 inoculum dilution. Iron levels at Brazilin 128 ppm (MIC) are higher than iron levels at concentrations of 256 ppm (MBC), indicating that Brazilin binds to iron. The binding of iron by Brazilin results in the unavailability of iron for Mtb, and causes suppression of Mtb growth, further resulting in Mtb cell death. These results exhibit that Brazilin can be used as an iron-chelating agent that might be advantageous in treating and controlling mycobacteria infection.
Diabetic wounds lead to severe tissue damage and are diffi-cult to cure. Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum) is a plant commonly used by local Indonesian communities to treat diabetic wounds. The efficiency of herbal medicine still has a deficiency of its ability to reach the target organs, therefore nanotechnology is applied in the hope that all drug concentrations can reach the target organs successfully. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PLGA nanoparticle ointment-ethanol extract jengkol fruit peel (EEJFP) to accelerate the wound healing process in the skin of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The research method used was experimental with a completely randomized design using six treatments and four replications. Diabe-tes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 180 mg/ kg BW. Mice with a blood glucose level of ≥150 mg/dL were used for diabetic mice models. The incision wound created at the dorsolateral region of shaven skin at ±1 cm2 using sterile scissors. The treatments given were vaseline for Control Negative (CN) and Control Positive (CP), Betadine ointment (PB), 10% EEJFP ointment (P1), 5% PLGA nanoparticle ointment-EEJFP (P2), and 2.5% PLGA nanoparticle ointment-EEJFP (P3). The results showed that the administration of PLGA nanoparticles ointment-EEJFP with a concentration of 5% PLGA nanoparticle ointment-EEJFP (P2) resulted in the shortest wound length on day 3, 7 and 14; narrower granulation tissue; a larger number of blood capillaries; and denser collagen fibers (α <0.05) compared to CP and PB treatments. The administration of PLGA nanoparticle ointment-EEJFP with a concentration of 5% was the most effective concentration in accelerating wound healing in the skin of diabetic mice.
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