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Isolates of P. halstedii collected from different parts of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh belong to a single race, i.e., race 100. Based on virulence pattern, they can be grouped into five different groups, A, B, C, D and E. Bangalore isolate was most virulent and Bidar isolate was least virulent. Morphological variations existed among the isolates with regard to the size of sporangiophores and sporangia. Sporangiophores were longer Dharwad isolate and sporangia were larger in Mysore and Latur isolates.

The experiment was conducted to find out appropriate moisture stress mitigation technique for rabi urdbean under rainfed conditions. The different moisture stress mitigation techniques viz., 2% KCl, 6% Kaolin, soil mulch, removal and incorporation of alternative rows, 2% KCl + 0.1% Boron, 2% Urea, 0.1% Nitrophosk (19:19:19 N:P:K), 0.1% Boron were tried along with absolute control and water spray. Among the different treatments, 2% KCl + 0.1% Boron spray at flowering and pod initiation stages recorded significantly higher grain yield (724 kg/ha) than other treatments (460-555 kg/ha) except 6% Kaolin (629kg/ha). Whereas gross returns (H 37898/ha), net returns (H 29138/ha) output/input (2.66) and energy use efficiency (81.35 kg/1000 MJ) were significantly higher in the treatment 2% KCl + 0.1% Boron over others.

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Palak (Beta vulagaris var. bengalensis Hort.) is one of the most popular leafy vegetables widely grown in India. This crop is severely affected by leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola leading to brown coloured spots on the leaves which hinders the market quality of the leaves. All media are not equally good for all fungi, nor there is a universal substrate or artificial medium, upon which all fungi can grow. So, different media including both synthetic and non-synthetic were tried for C. beticola in the present experiment. Cultural studies of C. beticola grown on different solid media showed that Potato dextrose agar and Oat meal agar were good for growth. Among the nine liquid media evaluated, maximum dry mycelial weight of the fungus was obtained in Soypeptone broth which was significantly superior to all other media. Temperature requirement of the fungus was found 25°C where good growth was observed. How to view point the article : Poornima and Hegde, Yashoda R. (2014). Cultural characteristics of Cercospora beticola sacc. causing leaf spot of palak.

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