Objective: The aim of this study was to reveal and discuss occupational health risks, violence against sex workers working in brothels and their working conditions in Ankara. Materials and Methods:The study included 138 sex workers. Data were collected at face to face interviews with a questionnaire composed of 40 questions about socio-demographic features, familial characteristics, reasons for becoming a sex worker, experiences of violence and occupational health risks.Results: Twenty-two point five percent of the women were aged 21-30 years and 39.9% were aged 31-40 years. The mean time of education was 5.9±3.5 (0-14) years. Forty-eight point five percent of the women were exposed to physical abuse and 13% of the women had been exposed to sexual abuse in their childhood. Fifty-five point eight percent of the women reported that their clients always used condoms, but 97.1% of the women noted that their clients insisted on not using a condom. Fourteen point five percent and 70.3% of the women were exposed to physical and verbal violence respectively from their clients. Ten point one percent of the women suffered sexual assault while working.Conclusion: Sex workers, like other people, should have human rights, all types of violence that they face should be eliminated and the social conditions they are exposed to should be improved. Sexually transmitted diseases, the most important health risk of sex workers, should be considered as occupational diseases in the new regulations.
ÖZETBu çalışmada Yüksek Sağlık Şurası tarafından görüş bil dirilen olgular değerlendirilerek hekim sorumluluğunun ir delenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yüksek Sağlık Şurası tarafından 1991-1995 yılları arasında görüş bildirilen 532 olguya ait ra porlar retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hakkında gö rüş istenen hekimlerin çoğu kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uz manı, pratisyen hekim ve genel cerrahi uzmanıdır. 305 (%57.33) hekimin ceza sorumluluğunun olmadığına karar verilmiştir. 186 (%34.96) hekimin TCK m.455 veya 459'a gö re kusurlu, 41 hekimin (%7.71) görevini ihmal ve yürürlük teki kanuna muhalefet suçunu işledikleri bulunmuştur.Yüksek Sağlık Şurası'nın bilirkişilik işlevinin sürmesi he kim ve diğer sağlık personelinin haklarının korunması yö nünden gereklidir. Ancak Yüksek Sağlık Şurası'nın, çelişkili durumlarda veya karmaşık olduğu belirlenen olaylarda gö rüş bildiren bir kuruluş olarak görev yapmasına yönelik ya sal düzenlemelerin yapılmasının yararlı olacağı inancında yız.Anahtar Kelimeler: Hekim sorumluluğu, hekim hata ları. SUMMARYIn this study, 532 cases have been reviewed in the High Council of Health. Most of the physicians were obstetricians and surgeons. It is determined that 305 physicians (57.33%) were not responsible of the consequences while 186 (34.96 %) physicians (7.71% ) were found guilty according to the articles 455 or 459 of the Turkish Penal Code and. 41 (7.71%) physicians were guilty of neglecting their duties and disobeying the rules.
The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of various causes of sudden unexpected child deaths (SUCD) and to assess the importance of an autopsy in predicting the likelihood of finding a cause of death. A retrospective analysis of autopsy findings in 97 cases of SUCD between the ages of 0--11 years was undertaken at the Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara during a 5-year period (1995--2000). Cases were classified as explained causes (80.42 per cent) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (19.58 per cent). A total of 25.77 per cent of the deaths occurred in the neonatal period, 45.31 per cent of them in the first year of life and the remaining 28.86 per cent after 1 year of life. The causes of neonatal deaths were respiratory pathology (five cases), birth complications (four cases), gastrointestinal pathology (one case), homicide (10 cases), and SIDS (five cases). The incidence of SIDS in the newborn period was 33 per cent. The incidence of unexplained causes of deaths in the postneonatal period was 31 per cent and the causes of deaths were respiratory pathology (15 cases), aspiration (five cases), gastrointestinal pathology (four cases), SIDS (14 cases), and other causes (four cases). The study of an entire population provides more reliable data regarding causes of sudden unexpected child deaths than does the study of small groups and it is also recommended that in addition to a through evaluation, a detailed autopsy must be performed for each case in experienced centers.
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