Há diferentes tendências político-pedagógicas de Educação Ambiental no Brasil, que foram desenvolvidas historicamente junto ao movimento ambientalista. O presente artigo, por meio de análise documental, quais dessas tendências são usadas para embasar as ações educativas nos Parques Estaduais paulistas, ambientes propícios para processos educativos. Os resultados contribuem para a reflexão da Educação Ambiental a ser exercida nesses Parques, indicando uma predominância da abordagem conservacionista e uma presença mais modesta das abordagens crítica e pragmática. Portanto, a Educação Ambiental se mostra ainda conservadora, com indícios de tendência crítica, mas que ainda não tem atingido as ações práticas.
The National Environmental Policy (PNMA) is Brazil's main environmental law which establishes thirteen instruments to achieve its objectives, one of the most applied being environmental licensing. Associated with its there are another instrument, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The federal, state and municipal spheres have the authority to license various typologies of enterprises as established by Complementary Law nº140/2011. Although changes are occurring in the municipal licensing agencies that have begun to exercise their competence, it is reported in the literature that they lack legislation, lack specific bodies, as well as skilled labor to carry out such activity. Existing challenges indicate the need to investigate the suitability of municipal environmental agencies, their institutional capacity and the existence of specific legislation in order to improve local environmental licensing. In view of this, the main objective of this research was to describe and characterize decentralized environmental licensing and local environmental management having as a case study the city of Uberaba/MG. For this, the effectiveness of environmental licensing with decentralized EIA was verified and what influence this instrument brought to the environmental management of the municipality as a whole. This was done by surveying and analyzing legislation and guiding documents of 22 environmental licensing processes classes 3 and 4, conducting interviews, reviewing the literature and environmental and town planning legislation of the municipality, along with choosing appropriate criteria to evaluate the way in which the licensing system with municipal EIA in Uberaba has functioned, in addition to verifying its effectiveness. Thus, it was verified that Uberaba presents indications of effectiveness in its environmental licensing system with EIA, under the view of procedural effectiveness, since it met most of the applied criteria, such as the fact that it has the established system elements in law, as well as the purpose of the EIA, and a structured secretariat with trained agents. In addition, it was realized that the environmental licensing did not bring new elements for the environmental management of the municipality, since it already had a robust structure before the agreement for the accomplishment of the licensing was signed. This refers to the importance of studies of this nature in order to evaluate the effectiveness of licensing systems and environmental management, so that their shortcomings can be identified for the proposition of improvements.
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