Objectives: Poor sleep quality is considered a global health problem. Considering that caffeine intake contributes to sleep disturbances, we evaluated the relationship between sleep quality and the consumption of caffeinated beverages in college students in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with college students aged 18 to 25 years old from both governmental and private colleges in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Sleep quality, caffeine intake, and stress exposure were assessed using three validated electronic questionnaires. Results: A total of 476 college students completed the questionnaire. Sleep quality was found to be poor in 80.7% of students. The prevalence of caffeine intake was as follows: none = 8%, a tolerable amount = 40.5%, and excessive = 51.5%. Of the students who reported excessive caffeine intake, 83.3% had poor sleep quality. The relationship between excessive caffeine intake and poor sleep quality was significant (p = 0.003). Conclusions: The majority of students had poor sleep quality, and this was correlated with excessive caffeine intake. Our results highlight the importance of raising awareness among students about the factors that may affect sleep quality.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) that originate outside the GI tract are extremely uncommon. In this case report, we describe a GIST of primary origin in the prostate gland of an 84-year-old male who presented with severe urinary retention at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Diagnosis was based on patient history, radiological studies, pathologic findings, and immunohistochemical data. Digital rectal examination revealed a hugely enlarged prostate encroaching upon the rectal lumen with a smooth and firm surface. Transrectal ultrasound showed a markedly enlarged prostate with an estimated volume of 360 ml; prostate-specific antigen was 5.4 ng/ml. Immediate preoperative cystoscopy demonstrated only a moderate enlargement of the prostate, which was disproportionate to its actual size. Postoperative abdominal computed tomography showed residual prostatic tissue with an estimated weight of 78 g, multiple diffuse colonic diverticulosis, and scattered subcentimeter mesenteric lymph nodes. Histopathological examination of the prostatic tissue showed cellular spindle cell neoplastic proliferation which was diffusely positive for CD117 (c-kit), DOG1, and CD34. GISTs must be considered in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell tumors detected in the prostate.
Urinary bladder paragangliomas are rare with a reported incidence of <1% of bladder tumors. We presented a case of a urinary bladder paraganglioma in a 26-year-old male who presented with a painless gross hematuria and hypertensive crisis occurring during his trans-urethral resection. Our diagnosis was based upon patient’s history, abdominal-pelvic computed tomography scan, which revealed a left-sided bladder wall mass 2.26 X 4.4 X 3.28 cm that was obstructing the left distal ureter and causing significant left severe hydroureter and hydronephrosis. Preoperative preparation was done with beta blocker and alpha blocker two weeks prior to surgery. The patient underwent an open surgical partial cystectomy, left nephroureterectomy and, complete external and internal iliac lymphadenectomy. Gross pathological examination of the mass revealed a 3x4.5x4 cm growth originating from the wall of the urinary bladder. Microscopic examination revealed nests invaded into muscularis propria of the urinary bladder, with no evidence of distant metastasis. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive tumor cells staining for chromogranin and synaptophysin while S100 highlighted the surrounding sustentacular cells. During the first 3-month post-operative follow-up period, the patient’s blood pressure was stabilized and the symptoms gradually subsided. Urinary bladder paragangliomas should be considered among the differential diagnosis of bladder tumors.
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