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Different front-of-pack (FOP) labelling systems have been developed in Europe by industry and organisations concerned with health promotion. A study (n 2068) was performed to establish the extent to which inclusion of the most prevalent FOP systems -guideline daily amounts (GDA), traffic lights (TL), GDAþTL hybrid (HYB) and health logos (HL) -impact consumer perceptions of healthiness over and above the provision of a FOP basic label (BL) containing numerical nutritional information alone. The design included within-and between-subjects factors. The within-subjects factors were: food (pizzas, yogurts and biscuits), healthiness of the food (high health, medium health and low health) and the repeated measurements under BL and test FOP label conditions. The between-subjects factors were: the system (GDA, TL, GDAþTL hybrid, HL), portion size (typical portion size and a 50 % reduction of a typical portion) and country (the UK, Germany, Poland and Turkey). Although the FOP systems tested did result in small improvements for objective understanding under some conditions, there was little difference between the provision of an FOP label containing basic numerical nutritional information alone or between the various systems. Thus, any structured and legible presentation of key nutrient and energy information on the FOP label is sufficient to enable consumers to detect a healthier alternative within a food category when provided with foods that have distinctly different levels of healthiness. Future research should focus on developing greater understanding of the psychological and contextual factors that impact motivation and the opportunity to use the various FOP systems in real-world shopping settings. Key words: Front-of-pack: Nutrition labelling: Healthier choices: Health inferences: HealthinessTransparency has become an important regulatory tool (1) , and the provision of nutrition information on packaging is seen by policymakers as a means of increasing transparency between producers and consumers that therefore has the potential to support informed choice. In order to address the current and growing burden of diet-related disease, the World Health Organization's Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health has highlighted nutrition as a key risk factor (2) . The concept of informed choice within the food domain has subsequently become synonymous with encouraging consumers towards Abbreviations: BL, basic label; DV1, dependent variable 1 (healthiness ratings); DV2, dependent variable 2 (error scores); FOP, front-of-pack; GDA, guideline daily amounts; HL, health logo; HYB, guideline daily amounts and traffic lights hybrid; TL, traffic lights.

Purpose: Customer satisfaction has been a goal within the services marketing area for many years. There has been considerable debate over whether higher education students are customers. Funding sources for higher education (HE), regard student satisfaction as one of the measurable components of a university's success in Australia. If it is accepted that HE students are indeed customers, then the marketing models that are applied to services marketing clients could also be applicable within the higher education arena. Methodology Approach: The research methodology chosen for this paper is a combination of Interpretivism and Critical Incident Theory. The authors have used open interviewing and open ended questionnaires to encourage open dialogue between the researcher and those being questioned. A questionnaire was developed using Qualtrics, which was delivered to every property undergraduate student in Australia. Findings: The current Australian HE student is contributing towards the cost of their tertiary education in a considerable way. For this reason and many others, modern HE students have different needs and expectations from students in the past and they are similar to any other service customer. Responses from the interviews and the questionnaire indicate a degree of dissatisfaction with issues around teaching quality and delivery, outdated and inappropriate materials and the lack of practical application such as formal work experience, site visits and case studies. Originality: This research seeks to evaluate higher education property student satisfaction and identify important factors that universities can concentrate on in their goal of improving the student experience.

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