Numerical simulations show that variations in vessel internal humidity was sensitive to transfer coefficient, climatic conditions within the growth chamber, evaporation and condensation of water vapor on the walls of the vessel. The variations in water vapor pressure deficits (VPD) (low during the nyctiperiod and high during the photoperiod) were well explained by a free convection model, which took into account temperature differences. Finally, the results show the necessity to construct containers with variable openings and growth chambers in which bioclimatic conditions can be controlled.Keywords : Agar, in vitro culture, microclimate, modeling, transfer coefficient. Résumé
RésuméLa présente étude traite de la modélisation des conditions des plantes en culture in vitro. Lorsque des vitroplants sont introduits dans les bocaux, l'humidité de l'air intérieur varie en fonction de leur stade de développement et ce en accord avec les courbes expérimentales. Les variations diurnes du déficit de pression de vapeur (DPV) présentent un maximum pendant la photopériode et un minimum pendant la nyctipériode. Par ailleurs, grâce à la prise en compte des réservoirs de la plante, le modèle permet de décrire la déshydratation et la réhydratation des tissus, ce qui est potentiellement d'un intérêt pratique. Au cours du cycle diurne, la teneur en eau relative varie entre 75 et 90 %. Les flux d'eau dans la plante concordent bien avec les variations de la teneur en eau du réservoir plante et caractérisent bien les deux types de régimes de circulation de l'eau dans la plante : le régime de flux conservatif et le régime de flux non conservatif.Mots-clés : Modélisation, culture in vitro, humidité de l'air intérieur, réservoir-plante, déshydratation, réhydratation Afrique SCIENCE 04(1) (2008) 154 -166Yao TCHETCHE et al. 155 AbstractModeling the microclimate inside a vessel in in vitro culture : vessel with agar and plantlets This present study deals with the modelling of the microclimate inside a vessel of in vitro culture. When plants are introduced into the vessels, the humidity of the internal air is a function of their stage of development. This is in good agreement with the experimental data. The diurnal variations of the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) present a maximum during the photoperiod and a minimum during the nyctiperiod. In addition, by including the water storage aspect of the plants, the model is able to describe the dehydratation and the rehydratation of cells, which is potentially of some practical interest. During the diurnal cycle, the relative water content varies between 75 and 90 %. Water flows in the plant agree well with the variations of the water storage of and characterize well the two modes of circulation of water in the plant : the mode of conservative flow and the mode of non conservative flow.
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