AimThis study observed the role of defective neutrophil function in aggressive periodontitis through FPR1 gene polymorphism and the level of Il-8 compared with the role of dental plaque presence towards periodontal tissue damage (Clinical Attachment Loss/CAL) in patients in Indonesia.MethodsCase-control study was used to detect differences in polymorphism expression of FPR1 gene, the level of Il-8, dental plaque, and Clinical Attachment Loss/CAL from 32 Aggressive Periodontitis (AP) and 29 Non-Aggressive Periodontitis (NAP) samples, selected with consecutive sampling method. Polymorphism was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and the level of IL-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid was identified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The Clinical Attachment Loss was analysed by using William periodontal probe, and the oral environment analysis was performed by using the OHI-S plaque index. Statistical analysis was used to determine the significance of the polymorphism difference of FPR gene, Il-8, Plaque and CAL amongst all subjects and also the control and correlations among these factors.ResultsThe results showed that in the Aggressive Periodontitis (AP), the presence of the polymorphism of c576 T > C > G of FPR1 gene caused as much as 5.04 times higher occurrence of aggressive periodontitis (p = 0.006; OR = 5.040 (1.51–16.74)). The low level of Il-8 (below 0.064 pg/μl), showed as much as 34.5 times higher occurrence of aggressive periodontitis (OR = 34.5 (6.76–176.08)). The oral hygiene of the AP samples were better significantly (p = 0.002), and on the Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) sample was even more (p = 0.02). The polymorphism of c301 G > C of FPR1 gene correlated with the CAL (r = 0.37; p = 0.039). The polymorphism of c576 T > C > G correlated significantly with the Il-8 (r = 0.5; p = 0.0287). The polymorphism of c348 T > C correlated significantly with the dental plaque (r = 0.355; p = 0.049), whereas the dental plaque correlation with CAL was not significant.ConclusionThe research conclusion showed that in aggressive periodontitis, genetic and environmental factors were correlated with the cause of periodontal tissue injury, and the role of genetic factors was more prominent on the injury.
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was developed as a barrier membrane in periodontal regenerative therapy. It is known that PRF has a sustained released of growth factor and expected to facilitate the tissue regeneration. Since the PRF membranes have a rapid degradability (1-2 weeks), the regenerative therapy using a PRF membrane should be increased to reduce the degradability using a crosslinking agent which could provide resistance against enzymatic degradation. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of 0.1% genipin as a crosslinking agent to degradability of PRF. PRF membranes were prepared from 20cc blood of healthy donors and immersed in 0.1% genipin solution as a test group and Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) solution as a control group for 2 hours and 72 hours. In order to evaluate degradability, the sample was subjected to 0.01% trypsin. Samples were weighed and the trypsin solution was refreshed every 24 hours. The difference weight represents enzymatic degradation. Degradation degree of sample PRF-crosslinked genipin 0.1% significantly decreased when it compared to the control group. Genipin reacts with primary amines in fibrin, performed a covalent coupling that improves the degradability resistance. This crosslink had to be effective to improve biomechanical properties of PRF as a membrane. This study demonstrated that 0.1% genipin as a crosslinking agent could reduce the degradation-degree of PRF.
The primary etiologic agent of gingival disease was dental plaque which also involving the oral hygiene. The oral hygiene can be affected by individuals knowledge, attitude, practice, environment, and others. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between oral hygiene and gingival condition of Malaysian students. The type of this study was cross-sectional study. The study was conducted on a total of 66 Malaysian students. The data were collected by using an examination form and clinical examination using the Loe & Sillness gingival index followed by the Loe & Sillness plaque index. The results showed that 100% of students have gingivitis with the gingival index average of 1.25 and the plaque index average of 1.85. The relationship of gingival and plaque index was analyzed by using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient test, and the score was 0.623. It is concluded that the oral hygiene status of Malaysian students was in the fair category, and all Malaysian students had a moderate gingivitis. Also, there was a relationship between the oral hygiene status and gingival condition of Malaysian students.
Introduction:Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance between environmental factors such as periodontal pathogens, and the host defence. Host defence mechanisms may be influenced by genetic factors, hormones and nutrition. One of the nutrition is vitamin C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin C supplementation on gingival bleeding. Methods: As much as ninety-eight patients with chronic periodontitis consisted of 42 males and 56 females, aged 30 -59-years-old participated in this study. Gingival bleeding was assessed before and after three months of vitamin C supplementation. Gingival bleeding criteria based on Van der Velden with tooth selection based on Ramfjord teeth. Result: Gingival bleeding before vitamin C supplementation that showed high was 4 patients (4.1%), middle was 36 patients (36.7%) and low was 58 patients (59.2%). After 3 months of vitamin C supplementation, gingival bleeding that showed high was 2 patients (2%), middle was 16 patients (16.3%), and low was 80 patients (81.6%). Conclusions: There was an effect of vitamin C supplementation on gingival bleeding.
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