The abuse of antibiotics resulted in the emergence of antibiotics-resistant
bacteria, which has raised a great social concern together with the
impetus to develop effective antibacterial materials. Herein, the
synthesis of biocompatible enzyme-responsive Ag nanoparticle assemblies
(ANAs) and their application in the high-efficiency targeted antimicrobial
treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been demonstrated. The ANAs could collapse
and undergo stable/collapsed transition on approaching MRSA because of the serine protease-like B enzyme proteins (SplB)-triggered
decomposition of the branched copolymers which have been employed
as the macrotemplate in the synthesis of responsive ANAs. This transition
contributed greatly to the high targeting affinity and efficiency
of ANAs to MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration
and minimum bactericidal concentration against MRSA were 2.0 and 32.0 μg mL–1, respectively.
Skin wound healing experiments confirmed that the responsive ANAs
could serve as an effective wound dressing to accelerate the healing
of MRSA infection.
The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells-derived secretome, particularly extracellular vesicles is a promising therapy to suppress spinal cord injury-triggered neuroinflammation. However, efficient delivery of extracellular vesicles to the injured spinal cord, with minimal damage, remains a challenge. Here we present a device for the delivery of extracellular vesicles to treat spinal cord injury. We show that the device incorporating mesenchymal stem cells and porous microneedles enables the delivery of extracellular vesicles. We demonstrate that topical application to the spinal cord lesion beneath the spinal dura, does not damage the lesion. We evaluate the efficacy of our device in a contusive spinal cord injury model and find that it reduces the cavity and scar tissue formation, promotes angiogenesis, and improves survival of nearby tissues and axons. Importantly, the sustained delivery of extracellular vesicles for at least 7 days results in significant functional recovery. Thus, our device provides an efficient and sustained extracellular vesicles delivery platform for spinal cord injury treatment.
Mitochondria, key organelles which keep in tune with energy demands for eukaryotic cells, are firmly associated with neurological conditions and post-traumatic rehabilitation. In vivo fluorescence imaging of mitochondria, especially with...
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