We presented two cases of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2 infection during third trimester of pregnancy. Both mothers and newborns had excellent outcomes. We failed to identify SARS-CoV-2 in all the products of conception and the newborns. This report provided evidence of low risk of intrauterine infection by vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) often harbor loss-of-function mutations in the MEN1 and DAXX tumor suppressor genes. Here we report that the products of these genes, menin and Daxx, interact directly with each other to suppress the proliferation of NET cells, to a large degree by inhibiting expression of the membrane metallo-endopeptidase MME. Menin and Daxx were required to enhance histone H3 lysine9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) at the MME promoter, as mediated partly by the histone H3 methyltransferase SUV39H1. Notably, the menin T429K mutation associated with a NET syndrome abolished Daxx binding, MME repression and proliferation of NET cells. Conversely, inhibition of MME in NET cells repressed proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. Our findings reveal a previously unappreciated crosstalk between two crucial tumor suppressor genes thought to work by independent pathways, focusing on MME as a common target of menin/Daxx to treat NET.
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