Complex moral decision making may share certain cognitive mechanisms with economic decision making under risk situations. However, it is little known how people weigh gains and losses between self and others during moral decision making under risk situations. The current study adopted the dilemma scenario-priming paradigm to examine how self-relevance and reputational concerns influenced moral decision making. Participants were asked to decide whether they were willing to sacrifice their own interests to help the protagonist (friend, acquaintance, or stranger) under the dilemmas of reputational loss risk, while the helping choices, decision times and emotional responses were recorded. In Study 1, participants showed a differential altruistic tendency, indicating that participants took less time to make more helping choices and subsequently reported weaker unpleasant experience toward friends compared to acquaintances and strangers. In Study 2, participants still made these egoistically biased altruistic choices under the low reputational loss risk conditions. However, such an effect was weakened by the high reputational loss risks. Results suggested that moral principle guiding interpersonal moral decision making observed in our study is best described as an egoistically biased altruism, and that reputational concerns can play a key role in restraining selfish tendency.
Introduction
The objective of this study is to explore the impacts of Omaha System-based
continuing care on medication compliance, quality of life (QOL), and
prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients after percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
A total of 100 CHD patients who were hospitalized and received PCI were
selected and divided into the control group and the observation group, 50
patients per group, according to a random number table method. The control
group was given routine care, while the observation group was applied Omaha
System-based continuing care on the basis of the control group.
Results
Follow-up demonstrated that the Morisky-Green score of the observation group
was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001),
indicating that the medication compliance of the observation group was
significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.001). The short
form-36 (SF-36) scores were notably higher after nursing compared with on
admission; SF-36 scores of the observation group were significantly
increased than those of the control group (P<0.001). The incidence of
major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in the observation group was
significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.001). The nursing
satisfaction of the observation group was considerably higher than that of
the control group (P<0.01).
Conclusion
Omaha System-based continuing care could improve the medication compliance
and QOL, reduce the incidence of MACE, and benefit the prognosis of CHD
patients after PCI.
Dropping fire retardants by helicopter can effectively reduce the intensity of wildfires. This study proposes a test plan for spraying different fire retardants from a helicopter bucket fire extinguisher. In this study, pure water, 10% Class AB flame retardant, 0.3% gel flame retardant, 10% Class A flame retardant, and 10% Class A flame retardant + 0.6% guar gum were each added to the bucket fire extinguishing device and sprayed on 4-layer, 6-layer, and 12-layer wood cribs. The radiation intensity, mass loss, and temperature were used as indicators to compare the burning intensity of the fire field and the difference in fire field combustion intensity after the wood cribs were ignited 1 h after natural air drying. The results showed that flame retardancy could be ranked from high to low as follows: 10% Class A flame retardant + 0.6% guar gum > gel flame retardant > 10% Class A flame retardant > Class AB flame retardant > pure water. During the long-term high temperature and drought period in Hunan Province, China, from August to September 2022, a field application showed that dropping fire retardants by helicopter effectively reduced the intensity of wildfires and avoided transmission line trips due to the wildfire, which reduced the number of ground personnel required when fighting large-scale forest fires.
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