Wound
dressings that promote quick hemostasis and are highly efficient
in healing wounds are urgently needed to meet the increase in clinical
demands worldwide. Herein, a dihydrazide-modified waterborne biodegradable
polyurethane emulsion (PU-ADH) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA)
were autonomously cross-linked to form a hybrid hyaluronic acid–polyurethane
(HA-PU) cryogel by hydrazone bonding at −20 °C. Through
its specific macroporous structure (which is approximately 220 μm)
constructed by aggregated PU-ADH particles and long-chain OHA, a dried
cryogel can have a dramatically compressed volume (1/7 of its original
volume) with stable fixation, and it can swell rapidly by absorbing
water or blood to approximately 22 and 16 times its dried weight,
respectively, in a few minutes. This instantaneous shape-recovering
ability favors fast hemostasis in minimally invasive surgery. Moreover,
this cryogel is superior to gauze, has excellent biocompatibility,
and quickly coagulates blood (in approximately 2 min) by activating
the endogenous coagulation system. Comparably, an injectable HA-PU
hydrogel with the same components as the HA-PU cryogel was prepared
at room temperature, and it exhibited good self-healing properties.
An in vivo evaluation of a rat liver hemostasis model
and rat skin defect model revealed that the cryogel in fast hemostasis
has great potential and superior wound-healing abilities, decreases
immune inflammation, and promotes the regeneration of angiogenesis
and hair follicles. Consequently, this work proposes a versatile method
for constructing biodegradable hybrid cryogels via autonomous cross-linking
between synthesized polymer emulsions and natural polymers. The hybrid
cryogels demonstrated great potential for applications as high-performance
wound dressings.
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