Azobenzene-containing
polymers (azopolymers) can serve as building
blocks for an emerging class of soft photonics. Using their photoresponses
for the micro/nanofabrication of smart surface is a key but still
a challenging step. Here, we report a simple visible-light-illumination
strategy to trigger diverse configurations of surface wrinkling on
azopolymer-based film/substrate systems, which can be switched between
flat and wrinkled states by controlling the intensity of the incident
light. Different photoresponsive characteristics of azobenzene are
involved in driving the wrinkling/dewrinkling switch. For the first
time, we achieve the controlled wrinkling with an unexpected high
aspect ratio and surprisingly polarization-independent ordered orientation
by exploiting the unique photosoftening effect of azobenzene. Theoretical
analysis reveals that an in situ photoinduced reversible soft/hard-contrast
boundary determines the wrinkling orientation, which is used to fabricate
diverse on-demand hierarchical wrinkles. These photoresponsive systems
find broad photonic applications that are not easily accessible to
other systems, e.g., optically reversible smart display, information
security, and well-regulated optical devices.
Rationale:Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disease characterized by hypereosinophilia and its ensuing organ damage. Cardiac involvement is divided into 3 chronological stages: an acute necrotic stage; a thrombus formation stage; and a fibrotic stage. Infiltration of the myocardium by eosinophilic cells followed by endomyocardial fibrosis is known as “Loeffler endocarditis.”Patient concerns:We report a case of a 60-year-old man diagnosed with left-sided restrictive cardiomyopathy.Diagnosis:The patient experienced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The cardiac MRI showed intense, linear, delayed gadolinium enhancement of the endocardium of the lateral wall of the left ventricle, and obliteration of the LV apex. He was ultimately identified as Loeffler endocarditis.Intervention:A bone marrow smear and biopsy revealed the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene was positive in 82% of segmented nucleated cells.Outcome:Our patient responded well to prednisone at 1 mg/kg/d.Lessons:HES is a rare disease that often afflicts the heart. Cardiac involvement in hypereosinophilia, especially Loeffler endocarditis, carries a poor prognosis and significant mortality. Early detection and treatment of the disease is therefore essential. Further studies are needed to ascertain therapeutic corticosteroid dosages and develop targeted gene therapies, both important steps to ameliorate the effects of Loeffler endocarditis and improve patient outcomes.
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