In the near future, single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is expected to expand the family of popular analytical tools for single-molecule characterization. We provide a roadmap for achieving single molecule SERS through different enhancement strategies for diverse applications. We introduce some characteristic features related to single-molecule SERS, such as Raman enhancement factor, intensity fluctuation, and data analysis. We then review recent strategies for enhancing the Raman signal intensities of single molecules, including electromagnetic enhancement, chemical enhancement, and resonance enhancement strategies. To demonstrate the utility of single-molecule SERS in practical applications, we present several examples of its use in various fields, including catalysis, imaging, and nanoelectronics. Finally, we specify current challenges in the development of single-molecule SERS and propose corresponding solutions.
The scheme about compression and encryption is widely used in network traff ic to improve system eff iciency and security. In this paper, we put forward a scheme to demonstrate an optimal implementation on them. We prove that the hardware accelerators and its corresponding latency can be cut in half. If such do not exist, we further propose a novel and more aggressive software scheme, in which encryption is integrated into the compression algorithm. The integrated optimization scheme achieves an average speedup of 40% compared to the 25% achieved by the parallel software scheme, but it suff ers a slight security loss that may not be acceptable for all applications.
The porous spherical alumina (γ‐Al2O3) as catalyst support was prepared by sol‐gel method, and FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 materials were prepared by impregnation method. The FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 materials were used as catalyst in the Solketal production process by acetalization of acetone and glycerol, showing considerable catalytic performance. When the molar ratio of glycerol and acetone was 1 : 10, 0.2 mol% FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 was used as the catalyst, and the reaction was carried out at 25 °C for 30 min, the conversion of glycerol was 99.89 %, the selectivity of Solketal was 98.36 %, and the yield of Solketal reached 98.25 %. The mechanism is due to the spherical γ‐Al2O3 support has high thermal stability, large specific surface area, and rich pore structure, encouraging abundant active sites and high catalytic activity of FeCl3 for the acetalization reaction. Thereafter, the experimental results prove that the prepared FeCl3/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst can be easily recovered and reused many times, indicating its great value for large‐scale research and application in the future.
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